Waterfall is a kind of landscape of natural landscape. It is spectacular and magnificent. Do you know how the waterfall is formed? Here is how my integrated waterfall is formed. Let's have a look. It must be helpful to you.
How did the waterfall form
An area where the flowing river falls suddenly and nearly vertically. Waterfalls represent major blockages in river flow. In most cases, the river always smoothes the unevenness in the flow through the process of erosion and sedimentation. After a period of time, the long profile (slope curve) of the river forms a smooth arc: the steepest at the source and the gentlest at the estuary. Waterfalls interrupt the arc, and their presence is a measure of the progress of the erosion process. Waterfalls are also known as falls and sometimes as cataracts, which are particularly common when it comes to large amounts of water. The waterfall with relatively low steepness is called cascade. [1] The name is often used to refer to a series of small falls along the river. Some river sections have a more gentle slope, but turbulence and white water appear at the local increase of river slope. These river sections are called rapids.
Waterfalls in some cases, the location of the waterfall fades upstream due to the erosion of cliffs or scarps by water, while in other cases, this erosion tends to deepen downward and obliquely cut the whole river section containing the waterfall. Over time, any one or both of these factors are at work, and the inevitable trend of the river is to eliminate any possible waterfalls.
The energy of the river will eventually build a relatively smooth, concave upward longitudinal profile. Even in the absence of gravel as a tool for river erosion, the energy available for waterfall base erosion is also great. One of the characteristics related to waterfalls of any size and also related to flow and height is the existence of plunge pool, which is a basin excavated in the river channel below the plunge. In some cases, the depth of the plunge pool may be similar to the height of the cliff that caused the waterfall. The plunge pool eventually caused the collapse of the cliff slope and the retreat of the waterfall.
The cliff that caused the water fall will continue to collapse under the strong impact of the water flow, making the waterfall retreat to the upstream direction and reduce the height, and finally lead to the disappearance of the waterfall.
Three waterfalls in the world
1. Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is located on the Niagara River at the junction of Canada and the United States. Gaote island in the river divides the falls into two parts. The larger part is hosshu falls, which is 56 meters high and 670 meters long on the side close to Canada. The smaller part is Americana falls, which is 58 meters high and 320 meters wide on the side adjacent to the United States. The formation of Niagara Falls and the Niagara Canyon washed out by it has special geological conditions. Among them, the shale is constantly washed by water, which makes the waterfall move 170 cm upstream every year from 1842 to 1905. In order to protect the waterfall, the governments of the United States and Canada have spent a lot of money to build some control projects to reduce the erosion of the waterfall to the rocks.
2. Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls is located in the middle reaches of the Zambezi River in Africa, where Zambia borders Zimbabwe. The waterfall is more than 1700 meters wide and 108 meters high. Its width and height are twice that of Niagara Falls. The annual average flow is about 934 m3 / s. The Zambezi River flows gently before it reaches the waterfall, which falls like thunder. Local residents call it "mosiotunya" (meaning "Thunderbolt fog"). The water from Victoria Falls flows into a canyon, which ranges in width from 25 meters to 75 meters.
3. Iguazu Falls
Iguazu Falls is located on the Iguazu River on the border between Argentina and Brazil. This is a horseshoe shaped waterfall, 82 meters high and 4 kilometers wide. It is four times the width of Niagara Falls and much wider than Victoria Falls. There are many wooded rocky islands on the edge of the cliff, which makes the Iguazu River fall into about 275 rapids or waterfalls, with a height of 60 to 82 meters. In the rainy season from November to March, the maximum flow of the waterfall can reach 12750 m3 / s, with an annual average of about 1756 m3 / s.
Famous waterfalls in China
1) Hukou waterfall. In China, no river has ever been endowed with so many honors and responsibilities. When the Yellow River is respected as the "mother", it has also been entrusted with too many historical missions. The Yellow River flows through the Shanxi Shaanxi Canyon to Daji county. The water surface suddenly shrinks from more than 400 meters wide to more than 50 meters. In the book Yugong, there are only eight words: "cover the river vortex, like a pot of natural water." The image of Hukou Waterfall appears on the paper.
2) Lushan waterfall the main waterfalls of Lushan waterfall group include: Sandie spring waterfall, Kaixian waterfall, shimenjian waterfall, Huanglongtan and Wulongtan waterfall, Wangjiapo double waterfall and Yulian spring waterfall. It is well known for Li Bai's famous sentence "sunshine censer produces purple smoke, watching the waterfall hanging in front of the river from a distance".
3) Malinghe waterfall: the largest waterfall group in China. The Maling River originates from the Wumeng mountains. There are more than 60 waterfalls and springs in the Maling River, and 13 waterfalls are distributed in the valley only 2 kilometers long along the wall hanging cliff, forming a spectacular waterfall group. The Pearl Waterfall is the most distinctive. Four white and soft waterfalls fell from the top of the cliff more than 200 meters high, looming and appearing on the layers of rock sheets, hitting thousands of water droplets. The water droplets glittered in the sunlight, as if someone was standing high and screening the spray on the cliff.
4) Quicksand waterfall: the most delicate waterfall. The falling distance of Liusha waterfall in Western Hunan is 216 meters, which is said to be the highest in the country. Come out of Dehang town and walk to Liusha waterfall on the village path. Walk and stop all the way. At a corner, you can see the waterfall from a distance. Most of the time, the waterfall soars down from the cliff. With a very high drop, the flowing water falls into quicksand below.
5) Jiuzhaigou waterfall: the cleanest waterfall group In Jiuzhaigou, walking along the water is a wonderful enjoyment. From Arrow Bamboo Sea, panda sea, Wuhua sea, Peacock River to Pearl Beach, from snow covered to gurgling streams, from chaotic waterfalls to quiet lakes, no matter how pure the streams are, they also take the rough road of life like rivers, and the luck and tragedy of water are exposed on the earth.