Lung abscess is a common disease. It will make patients have difficulty breathing and threaten their life and health. So do you know the causes of lung abscess?
Etiology of lung abscess
1. Aspiration pulmonary abscess
Inhalation of pathogens through the mouth and nasopharynx is the main cause of lung abscess. Purulent secretions such as tonsillitis, sinusitis, alveolar purulent overflow or aging teeth; Blood clots after oral, nasal and pharyngeal surgery; Under the conditions of unconsciousness and general anesthesia, dental dirt or vomit is inhaled into the lung through the air pipe, resulting in bronchiolar obstruction, and the pathogenic bacteria can reproduce and cause disease.
2. Hematogenous pulmonary abscess
Sepsis and sepsis caused by skin trauma, infection, furuncle and carbuncle, osteomyelitis, postpartum pelvic infection and subacute bacterial endocarditis. Pathogens (mostly Staphylococcus aureus) and septic emboli are brought to the lung through small circulation, causing small vessel embolism, inflammation and necrosis of lung tissue and forming abscess. It is often found in two marginal lung lesions.
3. Secondary pulmonary abscess
It is mostly secondary to other diseases, such as Staphylococcus aureus and pneumoniae pneumonia, cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, bronchial cyst and bronchial cancer, which can cause pulmonary abscess. Suppurative lesions or traumatic infection of adjacent organs of the lung, subphrenic abscess, perirenal abscess, paraspinal abscess, esophageal perforation, etc. abscesses can also be formed when penetrating into the lung.
4. Amebic lung abscess
Mostly secondary to amebic liver abscess. Because liver abscess often occurs at the top of the right lobe of the liver, it is easy to break through the diaphragm to the lower lobe of the right lung, forming amebic lung abscess.
Routine nursing care of patients with lung abscess
1. Timely psychological care.
2. Maintain indoor air circulation and keep warm at the same time.
3. Encourage patients to cough effectively, move frequently and change posture to facilitate the discharge of sputum. Encourage patients to increase fluid intake to promote hydration in the body and make pus and sputum dilute and easy to cough up. Accurately record the amount of sputum excretion in 24 hours, and observe the color, nature, smell and stratification of sputum after rest. When blood phlegm is found, it should be reported to the doctor in time. If there is a large amount of blood in the sputum, it is necessary to closely observe the changes of the condition, prepare rescue drugs and supplies, instruct the patient to lean to one side, preferably take the affected side lying position, and pay attention to the sudden occurrence of massive hemoptysis or asphyxia.
4. Nursing of sputum drainage: body position drainage is conducive to the excretion of a large amount of pus and sputum. The body position of lung segment bronchial drainage is adopted according to the diseased part, so that the sputum can be excreted through the bronchus and trachea by gravity. For patients with a large amount of pus and sputum and weak physique, good monitoring should be done to avoid suffocation due to a large amount of pus and sputum gushing but unable to cough up. It is not suitable to perform postural drainage when you are old and weak or during high fever and hemoptysis.
5. Oral care: Patients with lung abscess have high fever for a long time, reduced salivary secretion and dry oral mucosa; Because of coughing a lot of purulent and smelly phlegm, it is conducive to bacterial reproduction and easy to cause stomatitis and mucosal ulcer; The application of a large number of antibiotics is easy to induce fungal infection. Therefore, assist patients to rinse their mouth in the morning, after meals, after postural drainage and before going to bed.
6. Medication nursing: antibiotics, expectorants, bronchodilators or aerosol inhalation shall be given according to the doctor's advice to facilitate the dilution and discharge of sputum.