Environmental pollution and ecological damage have caused huge economic losses, endanger people's health, and affect social stability and environmental safety. What are the causes of environmental pollution? The following is my introduction to the reasons why the environment will be polluted. I hope I can help you.
I. institutional root causes of environmental problems
1. The management strategy and system for implementing environmental quality standards have not been formed as a whole.
Environmental quality standards are the best basis for assessing the quality of ecological environment and the concentrated embodiment of the overall goal of ensuring national environmental security. However, since environmental quality standards are formed before environmental laws and operate according to the standard system independently of the environmental regulation system, the strategic position and role of environmental quality standards are not fully recognized and clarified when building the national environmental management strategy and regulation system. For how to achieve the goal of environmental quality standards, a scientific and complete environmental quality standard implementation system and measures that can reflect the characteristics of different environmental factors have not been formed, which has affected the overall process of environmental quality improvement to a certain extent.
2. Environmental quality has not been incorporated into the national macro-control system for sustainable development, and the early warning mechanism is not in place.
In order to ensure environmental safety, a set of environmental quality monitoring, evaluation and early warning mechanism based on environmental quality standards should be established to provide accurate environmental information for the sustainable development of economy, society and environment, and improve the supporting ability of the environment to economic development and social stability. At present, the environmental management system is still based on the passive management mode of "pollution before treatment". The environmental quality has not been incorporated into the national development macro-control system, and the environmental quality early warning mechanism has not been established. (Research Report on the development strategy of China's environmental protection standards, a major national science and technology project in the Tenth Five Year Plan)
3. The discharge standards have not been effectively implemented, and the total discharge of pollutants remains high.
Because China is basically an economic means to implement the "excessive pollutant discharge charge" for a long time, it has not established the "excessive illegal" compulsory measures in time. At the same time, the excessive pollutant discharge charge is far lower than the pollution control cost. Polluters prefer to pay the excessive pollutant discharge charge rather than pay the excessive pollution treatment cost, which is an important reason for the high total pollutant discharge.
4. Disorder of urban expansion.
City is a natural, social and economic comprehensive ecosystem centered on human production and living activities and composed of residents and urban environment. Cities are the places with the most concentrated population and the most frequent economic activities. They are also the places where human intervention in the natural environment is the strongest and the natural environment changes the most. A large number of industrial and mining enterprises are concentrated in cities. Human production and living activities consume a lot of energy and materials. With the generation of a large amount of waste, it is far beyond the natural purification capacity, and the pollution is becoming more and more serious. Urban ecosystem is also a multi-functional, complex and fragile ecosystem. As long as there is a problem in one link, it will destroy the balance of the whole urban ecosystem. Therefore, the city has become the most concentrated and serious area of environmental problems in China. (Li Aizhen: urban regional expansion and environmental impact assessment -- Also on the development of mountainous areas in the south of Jinan) there are similar expansion problems in many cities in China, some of which lack strategic planning and strategic evaluation
As a result, there are problems such as population expansion, traffic congestion, lack of resources, environmental pollution and so on.
5. Imperfect rules and regulations and weak supervision.
Because China's environmental protection departments have no independent law enforcement status, especially the local environmental protection institutions, personnel and funds are determined by the local government, the environmental law enforcers who have the main regulatory responsibility for the local environment have not been put into the corresponding power, resulting in their embarrassing situation in the process of law enforcement, often hit a wall and return in vain. As the economic growth itself is led by the government, the environmental protection department is unable to resist the investment impulse of local governments, and it is difficult to strictly supervise the projects supported by local officials. In addition, "low cost of breaking the law and high cost of abiding by the law" is also an important reason for some problems in the implementation of China's environmental impact assessment system. Although some regions have also formulated some laws and regulations corresponding to the EIA law, due to various reasons, the implementation of laws and regulations is not in place, and the environmental assessment can not operate effectively.
6. Lack of democratic, open and scientific decision-making mechanism.
We need to promote and carry forward a democratic, open and scientific decision-making mechanism so that all projects can be strictly implemented in accordance with the EIA law. (Li Aizhen: urban regional expansion and environmental impact assessment -- Also on the development of mountainous areas in the south of Jinan) many departments and localities have not really incorporated the planning EIA into the decision-making process, so it is difficult to give full play to the role of planning EIA as the main channel for environmental protection to participate in comprehensive decision-making. At the same time, the illegal phenomenon of passing the planning approval without environmental impact assessment is universal, and the investigation of illegal acts can not be implemented. The lack of democratic, open and scientific decision-making mechanism is an important reason for the rush of many projects.
II. Scientific and technological root causes of environmental problems
1. Alienation of science and technology.
So far, all technologies, even the most primitive technologies, such as the use of primitive technologies in war, have two sides to the role of human society, including good and evil. In the actual social application, technology itself will produce positive and negative effects, that is, the "alienation" of technology, that is, technology, as the object of human subject, gradually deviates from the purpose of the subject when it was originally created in the process of development, splits its opposite and becomes a force different from itself. For example, the purpose of human invention of pesticides is to kill pests, but it in turn hurts people and can produce continuous pollution; Invented plastics, but increased white pollution; wait. In short, due to the alienation of science and technology in the process of science and technology development and application, the consequences of improper application of science and technology or abuse of science and technology on the environment are very serious. (Wu Cifang et al.: "ecological crisis and air regulation mechanism in China's coastal cities -- Taking the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta as an example", China's population, resources and environment, issue 3, 2009) therefore, we should make good use of the good side of modern science and technology and carefully use its "evil" side to ensure that science and technology benefits the society.
2. The objectivity of science and technology repels human subjectivity.
As an alien force of objectivity, science and technology constantly repels people's subjectivity, which will disorder people's behavior purpose, and finally alienate people's rational practice activities into irrational instinctive actions. In some places, the strength of science and technology is relatively strong, but the development of utilitarian science and technology makes people only pay attention to the development of science and technology that can achieve high economic benefits, regardless of whether it destroys the ecological environment or not. This is also an important reason for China's ecological environment crisis.
In short, China's environmental problems have been very prominent and have attracted great attention of the country. The problem is that we need to recognize and grasp the root causes of environmental problems, start from the root causes and solve them with practical and effective means, so as to make the harmonious and orderly development of politics, economy, culture, society and environment.
Environmental pollution sources mainly include the following aspects:
(1) waste smoke, waste gas, waste water, waste residue and noise discharged from the factory;
(2) waste smoke, waste gas, noise, dirty water and garbage discharged from people's life;
(3) exhaust gas and noise from vehicles (all fuel vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.);
(4) water flowing out of farmland irrigated with chemical substances such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.
(5) mine wastewater and waste residue.
(6) machine noise, electromagnetic radiation and carbon dioxide pollution
The main pollutants in the air are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate pollutants and acid rain.
The impact of air pollutants on weather and climate is very significant, which can be explained from the following aspects:
① reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground: a large number of soot particles discharged into the atmosphere from factories, power stations, cars and household heating equipment make the air very turbid, block the sun, and reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground.
② increase atmospheric precipitation: many of the particles discharged from large industrial cities have the function of water and gas condensation.
③ acid rain: sometimes, the rain falling from the sky contains sulfuric acid. This kind of acid rain is formed by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide, a pollutant in the atmosphere, into sulfuric acid, which falls with the precipitation in nature; Sulfuric acid rain can destroy large areas of forests and crops, corrode and break paper products, textiles and leather products, deteriorate metal Antirust Coatings and reduce their protective effect, and corrode and pollute buildings.
④ increase the atmospheric temperature: over large industrial cities, because a large amount of waste heat is discharged into the air, the temperature of the air near the ground is higher than that in the surrounding suburbs. This phenomenon is called "heat island effect" in meteorology.
⑤ impact on global climate: since 2010, people have gradually paid attention to the impact of air pollution on global climate change. After research, it is believed that carbon dioxide plays an important role in various air pollutants that may cause climate change. Carbon dioxide can absorb long wave radiation from the ground and increase the air temperature near the ground, which is called "greenhouse effect". Some experts believe that the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will melt the ice in the north and south poles in a few years, leading to global climate anomalies.