The reform movement of 1898 is an event of great significance in modern Chinese history. What is the significance and failure of the reform movement of 1898? Now let me tell you the significance of the reform movement of 1898 and the reasons for its failure!
The significance of the reform movement of 1898
① the reform movement of 1898 was a bourgeois reform movement and a preliminary attempt by the bourgeoisie to change the social system. The reformers tried to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy politically. The economic development of national capitalism is in line with the historical development trend.
② it was a patriotic national salvation_ Sports. At a time when the national crisis is intensifying, the reformers hope to make China strong through reform, so as to get rid of the aggression of imperialist powers, show strong patriotic enthusiasm and stimulate the people's patriotic thought and national consciousness.
③ the reform movement of 1898 was also a liberation of the ideological trend in modern China. The bourgeois reformers advocated new learning, advocated the revitalization of civil rights, fiercely attacked feudal thought, played an ideological enlightenment role in society and promoted the awakening of the Chinese people.
Reasons for the failure of the reform movement of 1898
1) the Conservatives are powerful, and the supreme leadership of the country is not in the hands of the reformers, but in the hands of princes and ministers headed by Empress Dowager Xi. Several prominent figures in power, Prince Gong and Prince Qing, are resolute and almost invariably conservative. There were only a few reformers, and they had no real power in the court. Kang Youwei only served as Zhang Jing (foreign secretary), the Yamen of national affairs, and most of his seven petitions were suppressed; Kang Youwei organization society was also suppressed, closed and dissolved. The running of newspapers was curbed, and the journal was suspended after three issues. The Empress Dowager Xi's attitude towards the reform is eight words: tolerance: she wants to control the reform within a certain range, agree to abolish eight strands, change policy theory, develop commerce, open factories, arm the army with new weapons, etc; Control:
Empress Dowager Xi took two measures against the reformers: one was to eliminate Weng Tongfu and remove the staff around Guangxu; Second, let Ronglu serve as governor of Zhili in Tianjin and control the military power in and around Beijing; Observation: see what Guangxu wants to do. Hands on: as long as the reform touched the interests of the princes and nobles of the Qing Dynasty, she began to suppress it.
2) the reformers led by Kang Youwei have limitations in theoretical guidance. Kang has two books: the examination of new learning and false classics and the examination of Confucius' reform. There is no sufficient and convincing evidence. Needless to say, the Conservatives opposed it, and some enlightened people at that time did not agree. The resistance of some radical reformists has also increased.
3) the reformers and Emperor Guangxu's strategic mistakes in implementing the reform violated the interests of some big bureaucrats, such as the opening of the national assembly and the establishment of an institutional Bureau. Some old ministers were deprived of their functions and powers and did not arrange measures. Of course, they firmly opposed it. Streamlining and reducing institutions, abolishing six ministries and dismissing "six Hall officials" are also too urgent.