Fire accidents do great harm. Fire accidents are often caused by human beings. We should pay attention to some small things in our daily life. Today, I will share the causes of fire accidents with you for your reference only!
① improper fire management. Whether the fire source of production fire (such as welding, casting, forging and heat treatment) or domestic fire (such as smoking, using stove, etc.) is poorly managed, it may cause fire.
② the management of inflammables is poor, the warehouse does not meet the fire prevention standards, and the materials are not stored according to their properties. For example, putting chemicals with conflicting properties together, substances that burn in contact with water at Beijing fire maintenance point in tidal wetlands, and putting substances with different fire extinguishing requirements together may cause fires.
③ fire may be caused by poor insulation of electrical equipment, installation does not meet the requirements of regulations, overload, short circuit, excessive contact resistance, etc.
④ fire may be caused by unreasonable process layout, failure to take corresponding fire and explosion prevention measures in flammable and explosive places, lack of maintenance and repair of equipment or poor repair quality.
⑤ fire may be caused by violation of safety operation regulations, overpressure and overtemperature of equipment, illegal hot work in flammable and explosive places, smoking or illegal use of flammable liquids such as gasoline.
⑥ the ventilation is poor, and the combustible vapor, gas or dust in the production site reaches the explosion concentration in the air, causing fire in case of fire source.
⑦ improper lightning protection equipment, lack of maintenance or no lightning protection equipment 4, resulting in fire caused by lightning stroke.
⑧ the equipment and pipelines in inflammable and explosive production places did not take measures to eliminate static electricity, resulting in fire caused by discharge.
⑨ the oilcloth, cotton yarn, oil selling scrap iron, etc. will spontaneously ignite under certain conditions due to improper placement.
1. Fire disposal procedure
1.1 alarm: all employees shall be familiar with the alarm procedures and find accident signs, such as sparks from the power line, smoke and peculiar smell in a certain part. The first person found on site shall immediately report to the leader on duty (person in charge) and give an alarm according to the alarm. The on-site personnel shall carry out self rescue, fire extinguishing and prevent the expansion of the fire.
1.2 report receiving: after receiving the report, the personnel on duty in the central fire control room shall immediately arrive at the accident site to understand the situation and organize personnel to carry out self rescue and fire extinguishing. And report to the person in charge of the enterprise or the emergency rescue headquarters to do a good job in the on-site fire-fighting disposal.
1.3 the fire has been put out, and the on-site protection work shall be done well. After the relevant departments investigate the accident and obtain the consent, the accident site shall be cleaned up.
2. Fire disposal procedure
2.1 the accident scene continues to spread and expand, and the on-site commander informs all rescue teams to quickly assemble, respond quickly, perform their respective responsibilities and put into fire-fighting action.
2.2 according to the requirements of the commander, the communication and liaison group shall report the fire to the public security fire control organization and relevant departments, send personnel to pick up the fire vehicles, and contact the rescue and disposal leading group at any time.
2.3 before the firefighters arrive at the scene of the accident, each fire extinguishing team shall continue to take different fire extinguishing methods according to different types of fires, strengthen cooling, evacuate the surrounding flammable and combustible materials and other methods to control the fire.
2.4 in case of fire that may form toxic or asphyxiating gas, wear isolated oxygen respirator or take other measures to prevent poisoning of rescue and fire-fighting personnel. After arriving at the accident site, firefighters shall obey the command and actively cooperate with professional firefighters to complete the fire-fighting task.
2.5 the evacuation team shall inform and guide the personnel in all parts to evacuate as soon as possible, and try to inform all personnel who should evacuate the fire site. In the smoke, cover your nose with a wet towel, bend down and escape from the fire.
2.6 the fire site commander shall keep in touch with each group at any time, and can allocate personnel to each other according to the situation.
2.7 carry out self rescue and fire fighting, dredge personnel, rescue materials, rescue the wounded, etc. during rescue operations, pay attention to their own safety. When unable to self rescue, all groups of personnel shall evacuate the fire site as soon as possible.
3. Disposal measures for fire of electrical equipment
3.1 when wires and electrical facilities catch fire, the power supply line and electrical equipment shall be cut off first.
3.2 when the electrical equipment is on fire, the fire-fighting personnel shall make full use of the existing fire-fighting facilities and equipment to put out the fire.
3.3 timely evacuate relevant personnel at the accident site and rescue and evacuate materials around the fire source.
3.4 at the scene of fire accident, technicians familiar with live equipment are responsible for fire extinguishing command or organizing fire extinguishing team to extinguish electrical fire.
3.5 to fight electric fires, halogenated alkane 1211 extinguishers and dry powder extinguishers and carbon dioxide extinguishers can be used instead of water and foam extinguishers.
3.6 when extinguishing the fire of electrical equipment, the fire extinguishing personnel shall wear insulating shoes, insulating gloves, gas masks and other measures to strengthen self-protection.
3.7 upon arrival, the public security fire brigade shall cooperate with the public security fire brigade in fire fighting and rescue.
4. On site rescue and disposal of injured persons
4.1 when the clothes of the rescued person are on fire, they can roll on the spot. Cover them with water or blankets, bedding and other things to put out the fire. The clothes, storehouses and socks at the injured area should be cut off and removed. They should not be torn. The injured area should be covered with sterile gauze or clean cotton cloth and sent to the hospital for treatment immediately.
4.2 for the wounded with large burn area, pay attention to the changes of breathing and heartbeat, and carry out cardiac resuscitation if necessary.
4.3 the wounded with fracture bleeding shall be bound and fixed accordingly. When transporting the wounded, it shall be based on the principle of not compressing the injured surface and not causing dyspnea.
4.4 stop passing vehicles and send the wounded to nearby hospitals for rescue.
4.5 when rescuing the seriously injured or rescuing the wounded, call the emergency center (120) in time, and the medical staff will rescue the wounded on site, and send someone to pick up the emergency vehicle.
5. End of fire fighting
After the fire fighting, pay attention to protect the site, actively cooperate with relevant departments in the investigation and treatment, and deal with the aftermath of casualties. After the investigation and handling, with the consent of relevant departments, immediately organize personnel to clean up the site and resume production and business activities as soon as possible.
6. Fire extinguishing disposal principle
6.1 if the fire is very small, it can be put out with portable fire extinguisher and fire water source, and the employees have received fire fighting training.
6. The fire source is not cut off and the fire source is not evacuated.
6.3 if you cannot extinguish the fire by yourself, report the fire immediately (119).
1. Towel and handkerchief covering nose and mouth
Because the smoke from the fire site has the characteristics of high temperature, high toxicity, less oxygen and more carbon monoxide, it is easy to cause respiratory system burns or nerve center poisoning after inhalation. Therefore, wet towels or handkerchiefs should be used to cover the mouth and nose during evacuation (but the towels and handkerchiefs should not be more than six layers thick). Note: do not evacuate downwind, but quickly escape to the upwind to avoid the invasion of fireworks. In case of fire, too much smoke accumulates in the upper space and spreads rapidly upward and slowly horizontally. Therefore, when escaping, do not walk upright and bend down or crawl forward. However, in case of LPG or city gas fire, crawl forward mode shall not be adopted.
2. Cover the body protection method.
Cover the soaked cotton coat, quilt, door curtain, blanket, sack, etc. on the body. After determining the escape route, rush out of the fire site directly at the fastest speed and reach a safe place. However, pay attention to covering your nose and mouth to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning
3. Sealing method.
If the fire in the corridor or on the door or next door is relatively large and cannot be evacuated, you can retreat into a room. The door seam can be sealed with towels, blankets, quilts, mattresses or other fabrics to prevent heating. You can constantly water up for cooling. Prevent the intrusion of external flame and smoke, so as to restrain the spread speed of fire and prolong the time.
4. Toilet refuge method.
When there is no way to escape in case of fire, the toilet can be used for refuge. Because of the high humidity and low temperature in the toilet, water can be poured on the door and the ground to cool down, and water can also be sprayed from the door crack to the door outside, so as to cool down or control the spread of the fire.
5. Multi storey building fire escape method.
If a multi-storey building is on fire and the fire is particularly fierce due to the smoke of the stairs, the balcony, water chute and canopy of the house can be used to escape, ropes and fire hoses can also be used, or the bed sheets can be torn into strips to connect instead, but one end is tightly tied to the pipe of the solid heating system or the hook of the radiator (the hook of the radiator) and the doors, windows or other heavy objects, and slides down along the rope.
6. Forced jumping to escape.
If the above self rescue measures are taken unconditionally, and the time is very urgent and the threat of fireworks is serious. When forced to jump from the building, the low-rise building can escape by this method, but first throw some rear quilt and sofa cushion on the ground to increase the buffer, and then slide down the windowsill with your hand to reduce the height of the jump and ensure that your feet fall to the ground first.
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