The purpose of analyzing the causes of fire and understanding the characteristics of fire is to make more targeted use of technical measures to effectively control fire and prevent and reduce fire hazards. Here is what I sorted out the causes of the fire_ How did the fire happen? Welcome to read.
1、 Electrical
The fire caused by electrical reasons ranks first in China. Relevant data show that fires caused by electrical reasons account for 32.2% of the total number of fires in China.
Overload of electrical equipment, poor contact of electrical line connectors and short circuit of electrical lines are the direct causes of electrical fire. The indirect causes are caused by electrical equipment failure or improper setting and use of electrical equipment, such as installing high-power bulbs near wood, paper and other combustibles, installing ballasts of fluorescent lamps on combustible bases, making lampshades close to the surface of bulbs with paper or cloth, and using non explosion-proof motors, lamps, switches, etc. in flammable and explosive workshops.
2、 Smoking
The temperature of cigarette butts and matches that are not extinguished after lighting smoke can reach 800 ℃, which can cause the combustion of many combustible substances, accounting for a considerable proportion of the causes of fire__ In, fires caused by smoking accounted for 6.2% of the total. Details are as follows:
1) Throw cigarette butts and matchsticks that are not extinguished into combustibles to cause fire;
2) Lying in bed, especially after being drunk, smoking in bed, cigarette butts falling on the bedding, causing a fire;
3) In places with high fire risk where kindling is prohibited, fire accidents caused by illegal smoking, etc.
3、 Careless use of fire in life
Improper installation of fire appliances in urban and rural areas, which mainly refers to the careless use of fire appliances in violation of the requirements of domestic safety; The process of burning incense and offering sacrifices at home was unattended, resulting in scattered incense ashes and fire. In 2012, fires caused by careless domestic fire accounted for 17.9% of the total.
4、 Careless production operation
Careless production operation mainly refers to the fire caused by violating the production safety system. 20__ In, fires caused by careless production operations accounted for 4.1% of the total in China, as follows:
1) Use open fire in flammable and explosive workshops to cause explosion and fire;
2) Mixing articles with conflicting properties, causing combustion and explosion;
3) During gas welding and cutting, a large amount of sparks and slag burst out, which ignited the surrounding combustibles due to the failure to take effective fire prevention measures;
4) During the operation of the machine, the oil is not lubricated on time, or the impurities and wastes attached to the machine bearings are not removed, which causes the friction and heating of this part of the machine and causes the attachment to catch fire;
5) Chemical production equipment is in disrepair, and combustible gas, flammable and combustible liquid run, emit, drip and leak, and burn or explode in case of open fire.
5、 Equipment failure
In production or life, some facilities and equipment are neglected in maintenance, resulting in the failure of normal operation in the process of use, local overheating due to friction, overload, short circuit and other reasons, resulting in fire. For example, when some electronic equipment is working or powered on for a long time, it will eventually overheat due to poor heat dissipation, resulting in internal failure and fire.
6、 Play with fire
Minor children play with fire for fun due to lack of care, which is also one of the common causes of fire. In addition, during festivals and celebrations, many people like to set off fireworks and firecrackers to increase the atmosphere. The lit fireworks and firecrackers themselves are fire gaps. If they are careless, they are easy to cause fires and casualties.
Fires are frequent during the Spring Festival in China every year, of which 70% ~ 80% are caused by the setting off of fireworks and firecrackers. In 2012, fires caused by playing with fire accounted for 3.8% of the total.
7、 Set fire
Arson mainly refers to the fire caused by man-made arson. Generally, the parties concerned use arson as a means to achieve a certain purpose. This kind of fire is deliberately committed by the parties, usually after certain planning and preparation, so it often lacks initial rescue, the fire develops rapidly and the consequences are serious. In 2012, fires caused by arson accounted for 2% of the total.
8、 Lightning strike
There are generally three causes of fire caused by lightning. In areas with more lightning strikes, if reliable lightning protection facilities are not set on buildings, lightning fire may occur:
1) Thermal effect and mechanical effect caused by direct lightning strike on buildings;
2) Lightning produces electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induction;
3) High potential lightning waves invade the interior of buildings along electrical lines or metal piping systems.
1. When the fire strikes, escape quickly and don't be greedy for property.
2. Family members should know and master the basic methods of fire escape and be familiar with several escape routes.
3. When threatened by fire, make a prompt decision to put on soaked clothes and bedding and rush out towards the emergency exit.
4. Combustible materials shall not be placed near the stove. The ash shall be completely extinguished before dumping. The haystack shall be kept away from the house. When escaping through thick smoke, try to keep your body close to the ground and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel.
5. Don't run when your body is on fire. You can roll on the spot or use heavy clothes to extinguish the flames.
6. In case of fire, do not take the elevator, but escape to the emergency exit.
7. If there is a fire outside and the door is hot, do not open the door to prevent the fire from jumping into the room. Block the door and window joints with soaked bedding and clothes, and pour water to cool down.
8. If the escape route is blocked by the fire, return to the room immediately, send a distress signal to the window by means of flashlight, waving clothes, calling, etc., and wait for rescue.
9. Never jump out of a building blindly. You can use evacuation stairs, balconies, downspouts and other means to escape and save yourself. The bed sheet and quilt cover can also be torn into strips with ropes and connected into ropes, which are tightly bolted to the window frame, heating pipe, iron railing and other fixed objects. The palm of the hand is protected with towels and cloth strips, which can slide down the rope, or go down to the floor without fire to escape from the danger.
Fire classification (GB / T 4968-2008, issued on November 4, 2008 and implemented on April 1, 2009) fire is divided into six categories: A, B, C, D, e and f according to the types and combustion characteristics of combustibles.
Class a fire: refers to solid matter fire. This kind of material usually has the nature of organic matter and can produce burning embers when burning. Such as wood, hay, coal, cotton, wool, hemp, paper and other fires.
Class B: solid or liquid fire. Such as kerosene, diesel, crude oil, methanol, ethanol, asphalt, paraffin, plastic and other fires.
Class C fire: refers to gas fire. Such as gas, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, hydrogen and other fires.
Class D fire: refers to metal fire. Such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, lithium, aluminum magnesium alloy and other fires.
Class E fire: refers to live fire. A fire in which objects burn with electricity.
Class F fire: refers to the fire of cooking objects (such as animal and vegetable oils) in cooking utensils.
gradation
According to the notice on adjusting the fire grade standard issued by the Ministry of public security on June 26, 2007, the new fire grade standard is adjusted from the original three grades of extra large fire, major fire and general fire to four grades of extra large fire, major fire, major fire and general fire
Particularly serious fire:
Refers to fires that cause more than 30 deaths, or more than 100 serious injuries, or direct property losses of more than 100 million yuan.
fire disaster:
It refers to a fire that causes the death of more than 10 and less than 30 people, or serious injury of more than 50 and less than 100 people, or direct property loss of more than 50 million yuan and less than 100 million yuan.
Major fire:
It refers to a fire that causes the death of more than 3 people and less than 10 people, or serious injury of more than 10 people and less than 50 people, or direct property loss of more than 10 million yuan and less than 50 million yuan.
General fire:
Refers to a fire that causes less than 3 deaths, or less than 10 serious injuries, or direct property loss of less than 10 million yuan. (Note: "above" includes this number, and "below" does not include this number.)