Many people like to assemble computers by themselves. Is there anything to pay attention to? What are the main parts? Let's have a look!
How should the computer be assembled and maintained
1. CPU:
CPU is the abbreviation of "central processing unit" in English. CPU is generally composed of logic operation unit, control unit and storage unit. The logic operation and control unit includes some registers, which are used for the temporary storage of data during data processing by the CPU. Main functions of CPU (core component): arithmetic unit and controller. The CPU communicates with other parts of the computer through these pins and transmits data and instructions. At present, the mainstream CPU suppliers include the CPUs of Intel and AMD (for detailed types and models, please check online). In contrast, AMD's CPU has advantages over Intel processors of the same grade in three-dimensional production, game application and video processing, while Intel's CPU has advantages in commercial application, multimedia application and graphic design; In terms of cost performance, AMD's processor is slightly better than Intel's.
When purchasing, we should avoid buying fake CPU, and pay attention to whether the packaging line, watermark word and laser label are formal.
For ordinary users, it is best to choose to launch CPU products for one to six months.
2. Graphics card:
Graphics card is also called display card, graphics accelerator card, etc. The main function is to speed up the processing of graphic functions. The display card connects the CPU and the display through the system bus and is the control device between the CPU and the display. In fact, it is used to store the data information of the graphics to be processed. At present, the video memory of mainstream graphics cards is more than 512MB, and the interface is generally pci-ex16. Graphics card manufacturers mainly include ASUS, gigabyte, Onda, etc. When purchasing a graphics card, pay attention to the matching of the graphics memory with the host performance (the bit width should be more than 128 bit). And give priority to products produced by large manufacturers or with good after-sales service.
3. a main board:
The mainboard is a rectangular circuit board installed in the chassis with the main circuit system of the computer. The expansion slot on the mainboard is used to plug in various interface cards and expand the functions of the computer, such as graphics card, network card, etc. For ordinary users, when purchasing motherboards, they should give priority to famous brand manufacturers or products with good after-sales service. When purchasing, we should also observe the packaging and plate quality of the main board: first observe whether the packaging is formal and whether there is an anti-static bag, and then carefully observe the main board body. The thickness of the main board body is generally about 3-4mm. On this premise, it is appropriate to choose thick.
Note that the production date of the chip on the motherboard (for example, 9452 is the 52nd week of 1994) should not be too different (preferably not more than 3 months), otherwise the performance of the motherboard will be affected.
4. Memory module:
The memory module is used to store the data or program that the computer is using (i.e. executing). We usually say that dynamic memory (DRAM) refers to that when we write data into DRAM, the data will be lost after a period of time, so we need to set an additional circuit for memory refresh operation. In other words, it is just a temporary memory, and the data will disappear after power failure. At present, the mainstream memory capacity is 1-2g and the working frequency is above 8MHz. The printed circuit board (PCB) of the memory module is preferably 6 layers. In addition, the surface of a good memory module has a strong metal finish, and the parts are welded neatly. When purchasing memory modules, we should also choose large manufacturers and products with good after-sales service.
5. Hard disk:
The hard disk is the data storage center of the computer. Almost all the application programs and document data we use are stored on or read from the hard disk. It includes storage disks and drives. It is characterized by large storage capacity. Hard disk is an indispensable storage device in computer. At present, the capacity of hard disk is generally 250-320g, and the cache is generally 2-16m. When purchasing hard disk, you should pay attention to the type of hard disk interface should match your computer (the mainstream interface in the market is SATA interface). When purchasing, pay attention to distinguish between "licensed goods" and "parallel goods". The way to identify "parallel goods" is: first, check whether the anti-counterfeiting label is formal; Secondly, check whether the numbers on the hard disk and the agent warranty are consistent.
6. network card:
A network card is an input / output device that connects a computer to a network. The main function is to process the data sent from the computer to the network cable, decompose the data into data packets of appropriate size according to the specific network protocol, and then send them to the network (most of them are integrated on the motherboard at present). As the practical environment of different types of network cards may be different, the type of network and transmission medium used by the network card and the bandwidth of network equipment connected to it should be clear when purchasing. High quality network cards are made of tinplate, and the exposed part is white; The exposed part of the network card of the inferior painting gold board is yellow. In addition, the identification of the MAC address (i.e. ID number) of the network card is the best way to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the network card. The MAC address of the network card produced by the regular manufacturer is generally a group of 12 digit hexadecimal numbers (the first six digits are the manufacturer ID, and the last six digits are the unique ID assigned by the manufacturer to the network card). When buying, if you find that the MAC address marked on the network card given by the merchant is the same, it must be a poor product. Finally, it depends on the workmanship of the product. The advantages and disadvantages of workmanship are reflected in the solder joint, golden finger and baffle of the network card: the solder joint of the circuit board of the high-quality network card is uniform and clean, the golden finger and baffle are regular and shiny, and the distribution of various components is reasonable and compact.
Related reading: Computer Maintenance Tips
Part 1: don't play games with batteries
In the campus, due to the relationship between space and power supply, notebook has become the main platform of games in the dormitory. Although the battery life of notebook computers has made great progress due to the progress of technology in recent years, we must remember: don't play games with notebook batteries.
The reason for this is not only that the power of the notebook can't last long, but also that the high power brought by the CPU and graphics card during the game has serious damage to the lithium battery of the notebook. Each high-power discharge will cause serious loss to the battery itself. On the one hand, the actual power will be greatly reduced, on the other hand, it will also cause the rapid attenuation of battery life. Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer notebooks with detachable batteries, and the cost and difficulty of replacing batteries have soared. Try not to make a dead attempt for your favorite machine and wallet.
First of all, this object is called "memory module", which is not "running memory" or "internal memory" used to store data. Yes, it's the RAM memory module mentioned in the primary school computer textbook.
To get down to business, the most common interface that is prone to problems in notebooks and desktops is the memory module interface. Once something goes wrong, it will lead to failure to turn on, which is commonly known as "no light at all". Therefore, in general, when we encounter the situation that we can't turn it on, we should first check whether there is a problem with the memory module.
If you are sure that there is something wrong with the memory module, don't rush to buy a new one. You can first find an eraser that can be seen everywhere in the school. Wipe the golden interface part (golden finger) with an eraser to remove the accumulated oxide layer, and then plug it back, it is very promising to regenerate the memory module. If it doesn't work, you'd better turn on your mobile phone and buy one.
In addition, how much memory is enough? Now many cost-effective notebooks are equipped with 4GB memory, which can only be said to be barely enough in actual use. It is recommended to add a memory of the same brand, type and frequency to form a dual channel, which can be improved to a certain extent, and the capacity can reach 8GB, which is completely sufficient for daily applications.
Part 3: methods to enhance heat dissipation
Xiaobai's intuitive impression of the quality of the computer is whether the heat dissipation is good or not, and the heat dissipation also has a great impact on the computer, especially on the notebook. So how to enhance the heat dissipation performance of the computer?
Most laptops use air-cooled heat dissipation system, and some desktops use water-cooled heat dissipation, so there is no need to worry about heat dissipation. One of the major problems of air cooling is the poor heat dissipation efficiency caused by dust deposition, so if you feel that your notebook has poor heat dissipation after using it for about a year, you might as well try to remove the dust. Because the disassembly process is complex, if the hands-on ability is not very good, it is recommended to spend some money to find professionals to avoid internal damage due to carelessness.
Xiaobai must read: super practical computer maintenance tips
In addition, the silicone grease responsible for heat conduction between CPU, graphics card and radiator will also denature after a certain time, resulting in a significant reduction in heat dissipation capacity. Whether desktop or notebook, it is recommended to check and replace silicone grease once every two years. After changing, you will find that the temperature of the machine will decrease obviously.
Part 4: beware of static electricity in autumn and winter
In autumn and winter, the north will be very dry. In addition, people wear more chemical fiber clothes, so it is easy to get charged. At ordinary times, we often encounter a slap when reaching for something, accompanied by an electric spark. It doesn't hurt the human body, but it's not the same.
Xiaobai must read: super practical computer maintenance tips
If the human body touches the computer with static electricity, it is easy to have high-voltage discharge. A voltage of tens of thousands of volts is very dangerous for the circuit of the computer, which is easy to burn the circuit. On the other hand, if the computer carries static electricity, most mainboards will have static electricity protection measures, which will automatically cut off the circuit. At this time, the computer can not be turned on at all, and there is no response when pressing the start button. I've experienced this situation myself. The solution is to disconnect the power supply and stand for a few hours, which will generally return to normal.