What are the causes of sexually transmitted diseases? How do sexually transmitted diseases spread? How should venereal diseases be prevented? Now let me tell you!
Causes of sexually transmitted diseases
(1) direct sexual contact infection.
(2) indirect contact infection.
(3) placental infection.
(4) iatrogenic transmission.
(5) daily life contact and communication.
According to statistics, more than 90% of sexually transmitted diseases are directly transmitted through sexual intercourse. Therefore, sexually transmitted diseases are mainly transmitted through sexual contact.
Sexually transmitted diseases are mainly transmitted in the following five ways:
1. Direct sexual contact infection.
2. Caused by indirect contact with pathogens (patient's clothes, appliances, etc.).
3. Placental birth canal infection. Once pregnant women are infected with sexually transmitted diseases, they can infect the fetus through vertical transmission (mother to child transmission), resulting in abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth, stillbirth or neonatal infection, which seriously affects the health of the fetus.
4. Iatrogenic transmission.
5. Direct contact (lesion or secretion) by non sexual behavior.
Various sexually transmitted pathogens (bacteria, fungi, spirochetes, chlamydia, mycoplasma, viruses, parasites, etc.) cause diseases through sexual contact, direct contact or indirect contact. At present, about 25 kinds of infections belong to STD, including trachoma pathogen, gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, herpes, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, chancroid, denofan disease (groin granuloma), venereal lymphogranuloma Pathogens such as intestinal Brucella, intestinal brucellosis, Mycoplasma scabies, etc.
Predisposing factors: ① anatomical factors: the edge of the junction between normal cervical squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium. Located outside the cervix and exposed to the vaginal environment, it is prone to infection. In adolescence, squamous metaplasia at this valgus site is very active, and human papillomavirus (HPV) can be integrated during cell replication, so adolescence is prone to HPV infection. ② Invasiveness of pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are easy to invade columnar epithelium. ③ Endocrine factors: when menstruation comes, because the pH of vaginal environment is only 6.8 ~ 7.0, it is also prone to gonococcal infection from the cervix, and the chance of ascending infection is also the greatest.
How should venereal diseases be prevented
(1) if you can wait for sex, wait.
(2) please be careful. The more people engage in unprotected sex, the more likely they are to be infected with sexually transmitted diseases.
(3) condom and spermicide should be used from beginning to end. Remember the principle: every time you have sex, have safer sex.
(4) pay attention to the symptoms at any time. If there is any unusual secretion, wound, pustule, wound, lump, acid itch or pain inside, on or around the penis, vagina or anus, or if you have sex with a person who believes that you may be infected with sexually transmitted diseases, please go to a doctor for examination. If there is any doubt, it is always wise to do an examination. At the same time, stop sexual activity first.
(5) see a doctor in time if you have symptoms, otherwise the infection will worsen and may have been transmitted to another person. It is impossible to know how serious the condition is. Some symptoms of life-threatening infection may be like mild infection. Only doctors can determine what the diagnosis is. There are many hospitals that can do examinations and tests in complete secrecy. No one will know that you are infected with a sexually transmitted disease except someone who has sex with you should tell him. Please check the telephone directory or ask the city or national health department to see where secret testing and treatment are done.
(6) if you are sexually active, please have regular medical examination. Because you may get an STD and never have any symptoms, please don't wait until you detect a problem. Plan to have at least one or two tests a year to make sure you are not infected. Women should have a breast and pelvic examination every year. Before the pelvic examination, do not wash the vagina, engage in sexual behavior or use any vaginal medical methods, because it will make it more difficult for doctors to examine vaginal secretions that can show infection. If the test results show that you are infected with a sexually transmitted disease, please inform your partner so that he or she can also receive treatment so that they will not infect each other again.
(7) please confess to the doctor. Find a doctor or other health worker who can make you feel comfortable, and then be completely honest with the person who is examining. Tell your doctor if you have any symptoms, if you have sex with more than one person, if you are injecting drugs, or if you think you are pregnant. Many symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases may be mistaken for other diseases. If you do not provide all the information of doctors, you may not get the correct treatment. Please remember: the doctor is not to judge, but to treat, so don't refuse to tell the truth because of embarrassment. If a doctor is really embarrassed, choose another doctor.