Haze is the general term of fog and haze. It is a weather phenomenon, also known as haze. They make the air turbid, the field of vision blurred and lead to the deterioration of visibility. Here I sort out the main reasons for the formation of haze for your reference. I hope you can gain something in the process of reading!
There are various sources of haze, such as automobile exhaust, industrial emission, construction dust, waste incineration, and even volcanic eruption. Haze weather is usually formed by the mixed action of multiple pollution sources. However, in the haze weather in various regions, the effect degree of different pollution sources is different.
Smog weather has existed since ancient times. Human activities or natural phenomena such as slash and burn cultivation and volcanic eruption may lead to smog weather. However, after mankind entered the era of fossil fuels, haze weather really threatened human living environment and health. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to rapid energy consumption, high population concentration and damage to the ecological environment, all laying the groundwork for the formation of haze weather.
The formation of haze has both "source" and "accomplice", which is the meteorological conditions that are not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants. Once pollutants accumulate under static meteorological conditions for a long time, it is easy to form haze weather.
The first is the physical basic source of particulate dust. China has the largest loess plateau in the world, and its soil texture is most prone to generate particulate dust particles.
Second, poor movement causes dust. For example, if the mud from the flower beds in the middle of the road and the roadsides flows into the road after raining or splashing water, it will cause a lot of dust when it dries up for an hour. Even if these particulate substances fall back to the ground, they will be thrown over the city again because of the continuous passing of cars.
Third, the dust base source and movement difference process gather in a certain spatial range, and the particles finally gather with water molecular nodules to form haze. At present, the three elements of haze structure are abundant in more than 350 cities in China's Loess Plateau.
National Monitoring
The national health and Family Planning Commission issued the 2013 work plan for health impact monitoring of air pollution (haze) on the 28th, proposing to establish a nationwide air pollution (haze) health impact monitoring network in three to five years to master PM2 in different regions 5 pollution characteristics and composition differences to understand the health impact of air pollution in different regions.
According to the relevant person in charge of the health and Family Planning Commission, the impact of air pollution (haze) on people's health includes both acute effects and chronic long-term effects. The health impact of haze involves people of all ages, but it has a more serious impact on the health of vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and pregnant women. Due to the lack of systematic long-term monitoring in China, it is impossible to reveal the health hazards of haze characteristic pollutants. There is an urgent need to carry out air pollution (haze) health impact monitoring to understand the concentration variation law of air pollution (haze) characteristic pollutants in different regions and their harm to people's health, so as to provide data support for health risk assessment.
Air pollution monitoring will be carried out in 16 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government in 2013. Each city sets up monitoring points in one community in the area with relatively heavy air pollution and one community in the area with relatively light air pollution. In addition, one township in rural areas of six provinces (municipalities directly under the central government) was selected to set up monitoring points.
Through the setting of monitoring points, air PM2 will be monitored 5. Sampling and monitoring PM2 5 mass concentration, focusing on the analysis of components affecting people's health. At the same time, through the collection of air pollution monitoring data, meteorological data and case data of residents' causes of death in the monitoring area, analyze the impact of different degrees of air pollution on Residents' total causes of death and different causes of disease, so as to estimate the excess death number (rate) of residents caused by air pollution and evaluate the health risk of air pollution. Through the accumulation of data over a certain period of time, the change trend of this influence is analyzed.
In addition, the construction of the monitoring network will also help to analyze the acute impact of air pollution on the incidence of residents' related diseases and residents, understand the impact of haze on the health status of primary school students, and provide a basis for formulating intervention and protection measures.
According to the plan, the travel mode survey of people will be carried out in the winter of 2013, and through multiple surveys in the next three to five years to understand the characteristics of people in different regions at different times, seasons and air pollution exposure, so as to provide data support for health risk assessment.
Visibility in most areas of Beijing is 1 ~ 4km. Beijing is still in the haze yellow warning. The fog and haze will completely dissipate. It will have to wait until the main body of cold air passes through on the 29th, the ground wind speed will increase significantly, the visibility in most areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei will improve, and the continuous haze weather will end.
On April 7, 2014, according to cnr.com, the relevant person in charge of the national health and Family Planning Commission said that China will continuously monitor the impact of smog on people's health for a long time and assess the risk of smog on people's health. According to the latest data released by the World Health Organization, about 7 million people died of air pollution related diseases in the world in 2012, of which the situation in the Western Pacific region of the who is the most serious. Most of the deaths occurred in low - and middle-income countries. Zhang Yong, deputy director of the disease prevention and Control Bureau of the national health and Family Planning Commission, said that the monitoring work related to smog carried out by the national health and Family Planning Commission mainly includes three aspects: first, it has organized and carried out the monitoring of the impact of air pollution on people's health; Second, carried out relevant research; Third, strengthen cooperation and cooperation with environmental protection and meteorological departments to promote information sharing and early warning linkage. According to the research data of the World Health Organization, nearly 70% of the global air pollution related deaths are related to ischemic heart disease and stroke, 25% are related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or acute lower respiratory tract infection, and 6% are related to lung cancer. Zhang Yong said that the monitoring of haze by the national health and Family Planning Commission will be carried out continuously for a long time. "We hope to assess the risk of air pollution on people's health through long-term continuous monitoring. We hope to strengthen the cooperation between departments to deal with the impact of haze on health." Zhang Yong said.
The pure scientific understanding of haze is still not systematic and complete. There is no authoritative conclusion on what its causes are and how serious its harm to human body is. If science is not strong, people's understanding and confidence will have less attachment points. In the future, the uncertainty of social response to smog may be higher than that of smog itself. If the severity of haze continues to increase, it is not ruled out that there will be panic against haze in some people at some time.
Some scientists pointed out that the biggest cause of smog is likely to be the burning of coal, which is the pillar energy of China's development in recent years. It is still necessary to burn more than 100 million tons of coal every year, let alone reduce it. Even if there is no more coal burning, is it possible for China in a short time? Everyone wants blue sky, but if some people use less electricity, less heating and less air conditioning,
The most effective way for people to drive less cars is probably to limit the number of cars, but immediately a celebrity claimed that the little pollution of personal driving was equivalent to "farting" in their own community. This groundless populist statement won a lot of applause on the Internet.
China has obviously underestimated the seriousness of industrial pollution in previous years. The government's responsibility comes first. The large-scale severe haze sounded an alarm to the whole society and also taught a lesson to the government. It's no use complaining. It's just shouting for "government action". If we don't really take action, the government's "action" can only be an empty promise, because billions of tons of coal are burned by all Chinese people, and nearly 20 million cars are added every year, most of which are private cars.
Foreign media attention
The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a haze warning for the sixth consecutive day. It is expected that moderate haze will appear in central Liaoning, Beijing and Tianjin, Hebei, southern Shanxi and other places, and severe haze will appear locally. The Ministry of environmental protection recently informed that it had launched an emergency plan and organized 12 supervision teams to go to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas to conduct special supervision on the response to heavy pollution weather. The media of various countries expressed concern about how China will treat haze.
The Associated Press reported that China regards air pollution as "damaging to the national image", and the government has formulated a number of measures to achieve significant improvement in pollution control.
Bloomberg News Agency said that China's environmental monitoring department released real-time monitoring of air pollutants on the website, and the regulatory authorities also issued an emergency notice, requiring local governments to timely and accurately predict and release air quality information to ensure the smooth flow of public information.
The Washington Post commented that generally speaking, it will take several years to control air pollution. The measures taken by the Chinese government show China's determination to accelerate the control of haze, and the new measures can at least represent the beginning of change.
The haze has led people to buy masks and air purifiers, and the sales of air purifiers in a home appliance mall in Beijing have tripled, the global Mail said on the 24th. After the orange warning was issued, Beijing not only took measures such as factory production restriction, but also banned roadside barbecue.
Reuters reported on the 23rd that the haze weather "swept" 15% of China's territory. The supervision team of the Ministry of environmental protection will visit construction sites and factories in the steel, cement and coal industries. If any violation of production standards is found, it will be publicized.
Agence France Presse said on the 24th that the dangerous haze has covered North China, including Beijing, in recent days. China's National Meteorological Administration issued a yellow haze warning for most parts of North China on Monday. This is the fifth consecutive day that heavy air pollution in the region has reached a dangerous level harmful to health.
Germany's Der Spiegel Weekly reported on the 24th that smog shrouded nearly 15% of China's land. In northern China, people are suffering from smog. Beijing issued the second highest alert level orange alert in the four level early warning system for the first time, and the number of patients with lung disease in hospitals increased.
The BBC website also featured a large picture of Celia Haydn, a Beijing based journalist, wearing a mask. According to the report, air pollution has become the helplessness of many Chinese urban residents. The public opinion survey shows that haze has become one of the most harmful Urban Haze problems.
Canadian television said on the 23rd that China's air pollution problem has aroused public anger. The Chinese government has issued a number of emergency measures against air pollution. For example, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province will restrict traffic according to the license plate number, and some demolition, barbecue and fireworks activities in Beijing will be banned.
Singapore's Lianhe Zaobao reported earlier that if China's air pollution does not arouse high vigilance and does not really make great determination and efforts to control it, it may cause painful losses. There are also media concerns that air pollution may endanger China's social stability.
The times of India reported on the 23rd that while the state issued a timely warning, China also restricted the traffic of cars and suspended the production of pollution source factories in some cities. According to official data, 36 enterprises in Beijing have suspended production, 75 enterprises have reduced production, and several steel producers and related enterprises in Hebei were closed that morning.
South Korean MBC television said that eastern China ushered in the most serious haze, affecting 1.43 million square kilometers, seven times the size of the Korean Peninsula. Beijing has been shrouded in fog and haze for many days. There are few people on the streets, but there are people in underground shopping malls and subways.
South Korea's pioneer economy website said that haze began to change people's living habits. The first thing many people do in the morning is to check the air pollution index of the day, so as to decide whether to wear masks or drive to work.
Guess you're interested:
1. Ranking of haze cities in China
2. Ranking of smog cities
3. Ranking of global smog cities
4. 400 words on smog
5. Ranking of haze weather in Chinese cities
6. Light haze Investigation Report