Earthquakes, like floods and storms, are a natural phenomenon on earth. How much harm does the earthquake do to us? Here are the hazards caused by the earthquake I sorted out. You are welcome to read, share and use for reference. I hope it will be helpful to you.
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What is an earthquake
Earthquake, also known as ground motion and ground vibration, is the vibration caused by the rapid release of energy from the earth's crust, which will produce seismic waves. The main cause of earthquakes is the mutual compression and collision between plates on the earth, resulting in dislocation and rupture on the edge and inside of plates.
Earthquakes often cause serious casualties, which can cause fires, floods, toxic gas leakage, the diffusion of bacteria and radioactive substances, and may also cause secondary disasters such as tsunamis, landslides, collapses and ground fissures. According to statistics, there are about 5 million earthquakes on earth every year, that is, tens of thousands of earthquakes occur every day. Most of them are too small or too far away for people to feel;
There are about ten or twenty earthquakes that can really cause serious harm to mankind; There are about one or two earthquakes that can cause particularly serious disasters. Earthquakes that people can't feel must be recorded by seismograph; Different types of seismometers can record earthquakes with different intensities and different distances. Thousands of various seismic instruments operate in the world to monitor the trend of earthquakes day and night. The current level of science and technology can not predict the arrival of earthquakes, and earthquakes can not be predicted for a long time in the future. The so-called examples of successful earthquake prediction are basically coincidence. For earthquakes, what we should do is to improve the seismic grade of buildings and do a good job in defense, rather than predicting earthquakes.
What is an earthquake and why
Why earthquake
The lithosphere on the earth's surface is called the crust. Earthquake is the rapid rupture and dislocation of the earth's crust and rock strata after being stressed, which causes surface vibration or damage. Why is there an earthquake? The cause is explained by earthquake classification:
Earthquakes caused by geological tectonic activities are called tectonic earthquakes;
Earthquakes caused by volcanic activity are called volcanic earthquakes;
The earthquake caused by the collapse of solid rock (especially limestone) is called collapse earthquake.
Earthquake is an extremely common and common natural phenomenon. However, due to the complexity of crustal structure and the non intuitiveness of focal area, there is no complete answer to the question of how earthquakes, especially tectonic earthquakes, are bred and occur, and what their causes and mechanisms are. However, at present, scientists generally agree that tectonic earthquakes are caused by crustal plate movement.
As the earth rotates and revolves endlessly and its internal materials are constantly differentiated, the crust, or lithosphere, surrounding the earth's surface is also constantly generating, evolving and moving, which contributes to the global crustal tectonic movement. With regard to crustal structure and sea land changes, scientists have experienced a long period of observation, description and analysis, and have formed different hypotheses, ideas and theories.
The theory of plate tectonics, also known as the new global tectonic theory, is a theory on crustal tectonic movement, which was formed relatively late (1960s) and has been accepted by the majority of geoscientists.
What are the hazards of earthquakes
1. Direct disasters caused by earthquakes include:
Destruction of buildings and structures, such as house collapse, bridge failure, dam cracking, rail deformation and so on. Ground damage, such as ground crack, collapse, water spray, sand, etc. Destruction of natural objects such as mountains, such as landslides and landslides. Huge waves caused by tsunami and undersea earthquake washed the Shanghai shore, causing damage to coastal areas.
2. Secondary disasters caused by earthquakes mainly include:
Fire, caused by out of control fire source after the earthquake; Flood, caused by dam breach or landslide blocking the river; Toxic gas leakage caused by damage to buildings or devices; The plague is caused by the serious destruction of the living environment after the earthquake.
Extended data:
Precautions in case of earthquake:
1. Quickly move away from houses, buildings, mountains and lakes to open and flat places.
2. When there is no time to transfer, hide on the spot. As the saying goes: small earthquakes do not need to escape, but large earthquakes cannot escape. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs, the most effective way is to hide nearby quickly. The bathroom is the safest place at home. The bathroom has a small space and is not easy to be injured by the collapsed ceiling and wall. In addition, the toilet has water, which can maintain human life.
In case of earthquake, it is preferred to avoid in the bathroom. Secondly, we should choose rooms with small space such as storage room, study and kitchen without gas. Indoor corners are also safer places. When the house collapses, it is easy to leave a safe living space at the corner of the indoor wall. In addition, you can quickly avoid next to or under solid objects such as beds, tables, refrigerators and washing machines.
3. Squat down and put pillows, quilts and schoolbags on your head to protect your head.
4. Cover your mouth, nose and face with handkerchief, towel or both hands to prevent dust from blocking your mouth, nose and eyes.
5. After the earthquake, we should reduce all kinds of activities, maintain good physical strength, strengthen confidence and wait patiently for rescue.