When a child vomits, adults often have to worry on the side. What should we do to help the child when the child vomits? We should find out the cause and apply the medicine to the case. Here are the reasons why I carefully sorted out the sudden vomiting of a 5-year-old child for you. Let's have a look.
1. Improper feeding or eating: excessive feeding during the neonatal period, improper formula of milk, and swallowing a large amount of air during feeding; Infants and young children eat more food at one time or the food is difficult to digest.
2, digestive dysfunction: systemic infectious diseases, if suffering from upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, pneumonia and septicemia and other diseases, high fever, nausea, loss of appetite at the same time, often accompanied by vomiting.
3, digestive tract infections diseases: gastritis, enteritis, dysentery, appendicitis and other diseases, because local stimulation can cause reflex vomiting, this time will be accompanied by nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea and other digestive symptoms.
4. Nervous system diseases: central nervous system diseases such as encephalitis, meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage or tumor and craniocerebral trauma can also cause vomiting, which is characterized by no nausea and ejection before vomiting, but often accompanied by other symptoms of the nervous system, such as headache, listlessness, drowsiness, even convulsion, coma, etc.
5. Mental factors: some children may vomit due to excessive mental tension or anxiety caused by some reasons. Recurrent vomiting is sometimes related to mental factors.
6. Poisoning: including all kinds of poisoning, such as food poisoning, toxic animal, plant poisoning, drug and pesticide poisoning, almost all have vomiting symptoms, but different poisons have their own clinical characteristics, which can be identified.
Remember to give your child a cup of warm water to drink after vomiting, which can help remove the peculiar smell in your child's mouth so as not to cause discomfort. It can also help clean your child's esophagus so as not to cause your child to vomit again due to the smell and dirt.
After the child vomits, don't give the child more food. At this time, the child usually has too much acid in the stomach or too high concentration. If you give the child something to eat, it will cause the child's nausea.
Straighten the child and smooth the child's breath, so as to prevent the filth from vomiting from entering the child's trachea.
Of course, there may also be digestive tract infectious diseases, gastritis, enteritis, dysentery, appendicitis and other diseases, because local stimulation can cause reflex vomiting, this time will be accompanied by nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea and other digestive symptoms.
Poisoning can also cause vomiting, including all kinds of poisoning, such as food poisoning, toxic animals, plant poisoning, drug and pesticide poisoning. Almost all of them have vomiting symptoms, but different poisons have their own clinical characteristics, which can be identified. Generally speaking, we should take the child to see a doctor in time when the child vomits continuously or abnormally.
1. Poor feeding
Neonatal vomiting caused by improper feeding is the most common in clinic. Newborns have non conditional reflexes such as sucking and swallowing at birth. These reflexes of premature infants are not necessarily perfect. Spitting can often occur after feeding, especially if the amount of feeding is too much. The newborn's mouth and throat are small, and sucking more milk at a time can cause choking and vomiting. Newborns with small gastric volume, too much feeding at one time, or lying on their back immediately after feeding or turning over too much can also cause vomiting. Too little sucking can cause vomiting. The milk is too hot and too cold, and the newborn's nipple is too deep to stimulate the pharynx can cause vomiting.
2. Physiological vomiting
Due to the relatively short esophagus and the horizontal position of the beginning of the greater curvature of the stomach, newborns can swallow too much air and cause vomiting if they are fed too fast, too slow or the bottle is horizontal.
3. Infection factors
Newborns are susceptible to infection, and vomiting can be the first symptom. Intestinal infection can cause vomiting. Extraintestinal infections, such as upper flu, pneumonia, omphalitis, skin infection, meningitis, pyelonephritis, sepsis, etc., can also cause reflective digestive dysfunction and vomiting.
4. Congenital factors of digestive tract
Vomiting is the main symptom of the disease, but the occurrence time and content of vomiting vary with the location of the lesion:
(1) esophageal vomiting. This kind of vomiting is that milk spits out in the esophagus before it enters the stomach. There is no warning before vomiting. Vomiting often occurs before the milk is finished. The spitting milk does not enter the stomach, so the spitting milk does not contain milk lumps, does not mix gastric acid, and has no sour smell. It is common in vomiting caused by esophageal atresia, pyloric relaxation and cardiac spasm.
(2) gastric vomiting. This kind of vomiting is that after the food has entered the stomach, it is vomited out from the stomach. Nausea before vomiting. The children are restless, and the contents of the stomach contain gastric juice, so there is a sour smell. Congenital pyloric hypertrophic stenosis and gastric torsion.
(3) small intestinal vomiting. It is vomiting caused by intestinal obstruction due to stenosis or compression of the small intestine. If the lesion is in the upper end of the small intestine, such as 12 finger intestinal obstruction, children often have upper abdominal distention, and vomiting often occurs after abdominal distention. In addition to milk, there is yellow green bile in the vomiting content; If there is obstruction at the lower end of the small intestine, such as ileocecal valve, the abdominal distension of the child is not limited to the upper abdomen, but also the middle abdomen. Vomiting occurs late and contains bile.
(4) colorectal vomiting. It is the obstruction of large intestine that causes vomiting. Megacolon and vomiting caused by anorectal atresia belong to this category. The first manifestation of children with Hirschsprung's disease is constipation. They defecate once in a few days, and their stools smell strange. As the stool can not be discharged, the abdominal distension is getting heavier and heavier, and the abdominal skin is bright and thin, followed by vomiting. In addition to milk and bile, vomit can also vomit stool. Anorectal atresia, no meconium after birth, followed by abdominal distension and frequent vomiting.
5. Swallow amniotic fluid
Vomiting is caused by the baby swallowing more amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions and blood during delivery. This vomit begins when the baby has not eaten since birth. The vomit is foam mucus, sometimes with brown blood like mucus. Once the contents of the pharynx are spit away, vomiting will stop.
6. Drug reaction
Infants take aureomycin, erythromycin and bitter drugs due to illness. The baby sucks the milk of the mother taking sulfonamides, tetracycline and erythromycin, which causes vomiting due to the stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. Vomiting usually stops after stopping the drug
7. Central vomiting
Vomiting can occur in all cases of head birth injury, intracranial hemorrhage and congenital cerebral hypoplasia during delivery. Such children can also be accompanied by symptoms related to the nervous system.
8. Neonatal constipation
The newborn will defecate once every three to five days after birth. After a long time of constipation, it will cause vomiting, defecate smoothly and vomit will disappear. The disease usually relieves itself after the full moon.
9. Neonatal hemorrhage
Vomiting is caused by intragastric bleeding and blood stimulation of intragastric mucosa. The vomit is brown or bright red. After vitamin K treatment, the bleeding can stop and the vomiting will disappear.
10. Meconium constipation
A few days after birth, the baby has little defecation or prolonged meconium excretion, and the baby gradually has abdominal distension, followed by vomiting. The vomit is often bile. If a large amount of viscous meconium can be brought out during anal digital examination, abdominal distension and vomiting will disappear. Abdominal X-ray examination showed intestinal obstruction and meconium particle shadow.