Environmental crisis is a by-product of industrialization all over the world. Generally speaking, environmental pollution is always associated with the waste of resources. It is urgent to control environmental pollution. The following is my introduction to the causes of serious environmental pollution in China. I hope I can help you.
1. Influence of traditional development view
Environment is the space for human beings to work and live. Due to the indivisibility of environmental resources, it is considered as a kind of public goods, and both producers and consumers can benefit from environmental resources. At the same time, because the value of environmental resources can not be measured, people can enjoy the benefits of environmental resources free of charge. It is precisely because people have used the public resource of environment for free for a long time. Therefore, unless the environmental situation deteriorates and seriously endangers production and consumption, people will realize the importance of environmental protection and generate the demand for "green" ecological environment. In addition, because the environment itself has the ability of self-healing and can absorb and degrade the waste materials produced in the process of production and consumption within a certain limit, environmental pollution is a gradual process. In this process, the waste materials discharged into the environment by individual producers and consumers have little damage to the ecological environment. Moreover, its impact can not be measured accurately. Just like the free use of environmental resources, producers and consumers will not take the initiative to bear the direct and indirect costs caused by their damage to the environment. The direct cost here refers to the loss caused by environmental damage to other producers and consumers; Indirect cost refers to the pollution control cost paid to restore the ecological environment system to the original quality level and other efforts made to protect the environment, such as public opinion publicity, environmental protection letters and visits, etc. Because environmental resources are public goods, it should be an important responsibility of government departments to protect the environment and eliminate environmental pollution. However, whether the environmental quality has improved or deteriorated over a period of time often lacks systematic objective evaluation indicators. Therefore, the work of the government's environmental protection departments is often ignored, which is an important reason why the government departments have only the highest GDP indicators in the performance assessment of cadres. It is precisely for this reason that under the traditional concept of development, we have long adopted the national economic accounting system with GNP index as the core, unilaterally pursued the speed of economic development, ignored the rational utilization and effective protection of environmental resources, resulting in abnormal economic development and great damage to the ecological environment.
2. Influence of offside and inadequate government functions
The so-called offside of government functions refers to some things that should have been solved by the market mechanism and can be well regulated by the market, but the government takes charge of them; The so-called government functions are not in place, which means that in some areas that should be regulated and managed by the government, the government's function is weakened due to the lack of corresponding administrative means or insufficient law enforcement. In areas where the market fails, the government fails to play the role of "staff assistant", resulting in the phenomenon of "poor market management and poor government management". At present, the offside of government functions is highlighted in the unnecessary intervention of the government on the level of microeconomic development. On the one hand, this has brought greater rent-seeking space to interest groups, greatly reducing the fairness and efficiency of resource allocation; On the other hand, it also aggravates environmental pollution. Affected by the planned economy, the government has not completely abandoned the "paternalistic" style in administration. In order to show their political achievements, local governments often do not make an issue of how to optimize public management services, but try to do some "visualization" work. They are too deeply involved in the activities of microeconomic subjects and invest a lot of energy, but affect the exertion of the main functions of the government. In recent years, some local governments have put forward development ideas that run counter to sustainable development. For example, electrolytic aluminum, calcium carbide and ferroalloy are all high energy consuming industries. Their development should be at the cost of large consumption of non renewable energy and serious pollution of the ecological environment. In recent years, developed countries generally implement strict access systems in terms of energy consumption, environmental protection and taxation. However, China's western region is actively developing high energy consuming industries with the "advantages" of rich energy, low electricity price and land acquisition cost, Local governments have formulated various "preferential policies", and some leaders even put forward the slogan of "would rather choke than starve to death". In some places in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Mongolia, Ningxia and other energy producing areas, there has been a terrible scene of "village ignition and smoke everywhere", which has sharply deteriorated the already fragile ecological environment in the western region.
The inadequacy of government functions is not necessarily due to the misunderstanding of China's macroeconomic regulation and control policies, but related to the administrative inaction and disorderly action of local governments. Of course, this is also related to the imperfect legal system and the lack of effective administrative law enforcement supervision mechanism. In recent years, because the government functions are not in place, on the one hand, interest groups have drilled policy gaps and colluded with officials and businesses. A large number of fake joint ventures, fake welfare enterprises, fake state-owned enterprises and fake collective enterprises have emerged one after another. A few people have become the possession and users of scarce resources and the beneficiaries of national preferential policies, which has seriously disturbed the fair competition order of the market economy; On the other hand, some government departments also act as the "umbrella" of these "false enterprises" and take the practice of letting enterprises' environmental pollution industries go or "turning a blind eye and turning a blind eye", so that the negative external behavior of these enterprises can not be internalized, which is an important reason for the intensification of environmental pollution and the unclear effect of pollution control. When the environmental problems of the authorities are more prominent, affecting economic development and social stability, and even causing major pollution accidents or pollution disputes between regions, the environmental protection departments of local governments often shirk their responsibilities on the grounds of failing to investigate and deal with them in time according to law. The negative effect of this "environmental administrative omission" will directly or indirectly affect the business behavior of economic subjects and destroy the social legal environment. Zhan Badou, a psychologist at Stanford University in the United States, did such an experiment. He parked two identical cars in two different areas at the same time: messy neighborhoods and middle-class communities. He took off the license plate of the vehicle parked in the disorderly block and opened the roof, while the other vehicle was left untreated. As a result, the former car disappeared that day, and the latter car was still safe and sound after a week. He smashed the glass of the next car with a hammer, and the car disappeared a few hours later. On the basis of this experiment, American political scientist Wilson and criminologist Kailin put forward the famous "broken window theory": if someone breaks a piece of glass in a building and fails to repair it in time, others may be implicitly connived to break more glass. Over time, it will give people a sense of disorder. In this atmosphere of public indifference, crime will breed and spread. The "broken window theory" sends such a message: People's behavior will be affected by psychological hint, and then produce the instinct of imitation. Similarly, when some enterprises discharge a large number of excessive pollutants due to the protection of the government's environmental protection department or the lack of law enforcement by the government's environmental protection department, other enterprises that wanted to abide by the law will follow suit, thus strengthening the enterprise's "law is not responsible for the public" mentality, and the consequence must be serious environmental pollution. Of course, looking at the essence through the phenomenon, the reason for the problem also lies in the imperfection of China's legal system and the lack of an effective accountability mechanism for the administrative law enforcement staff of government departments. Imagine that if, after evaluation, the environment in a region is polluted due to lax law enforcement by government departments, the person in charge of the environmental protection department will be investigated for criminal responsibility rather than administrative responsibility according to law, then our environmental protection work can be fundamentally strengthened.
People need to breathe air to sustain life. An adult breathes about 20000 times a day and inhales 15-20 cubic meters of air. Therefore, the polluted air has a direct impact on human health. The harm of air pollutants to human body is multifaceted, mainly manifested in respiratory diseases and physiological dysfunction, as well as diseases caused by irritation of mucosal tissues such as eyes and nose.
For example, from December 5 to 8, 1952, 4000 people died in the coal smoke incident in London, England. People call the smoke of this disaster "the smoke of murder". According to the analysis, this is because there was no wind and fog in London in those days. The exhaust smoke and dust from factory chimneys and residents' heating permeated the urban area of London for a long time. The maximum concentration of smoke and dust reached 4.46 mg / m3, and the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide reached 3.83 ml / m3. After some chemical reaction, sulfur dioxide generates sulfuric acid droplets, which are attached to the smoke or condensed on the fog droplets and enter the organs with the breath, causing people to get sick or accelerating the death of patients with chronic diseases.
As a member of the earth, how will we save our unique earth! This is a major issue worthy of our careful consideration. The prevention and control of air pollution is a huge systematic project, which requires the joint efforts of individuals, collectives, the state and even people from all walks of life. I think the following measures should be taken:
1. Reduce pollutant emissions. Reforming the energy structure, using more pollution-free energy (such as solar energy, wind energy and hydropower) and low pollution energy (such as natural gas), pretreatment of fuel (such as desulfurization before coal combustion) and improvement of combustion technology can reduce emissions. In addition, before the pollutants enter the atmosphere, the use of dust removal and smoke elimination technology, condensation technology, liquid absorption technology, recovery and treatment technology to eliminate some pollutants in the waste gas can reduce the amount of pollutants entering the atmosphere.
2. Control emissions and make full use of atmospheric self purification capacity. With different meteorological conditions, the capacity of the air to pollutants will be different. If the same amount of pollutants are discharged, the pollutant concentration will be different. For areas and periods with strong wind, good ventilation and strong convection, the atmospheric diffusion and dilution capacity is strong, and more factory and mining enterprise activities can be accepted. In areas and periods of temperature inversion, the atmospheric diffusion and dilution capacity is weak, so more pollutants cannot be accepted, otherwise serious air pollution will be caused. Therefore, effective control of emissions should be carried out in different regions and different periods of time. For example, the air emissions of some enterprises in our county should also strengthen management and governance.
3. The site selection, chimney design, urban and industrial zone planning, etc. shall be reasonable, and large emission households shall not be excessively concentrated, and repeated and superimposed pollution shall not be caused, resulting in local serious pollution events. Such a place should be placed in a place with open space, air circulation and relatively thin population density.
4. Afforestation will enable more plants to absorb pollutants and reduce the degree of air pollution. Afforestation, returning farmland to forests and ecological reconstruction are extremely important. Harnessing desertified farmland, controlling soil erosion, preventing wind and fixing sand, and increasing soil water storage capacity can greatly improve the ecological environment and reduce the loss of flood disasters. Moreover, with the land continuation of economic forests entering the mature stage, the direct and indirect economic benefits are huge.
5. Take comprehensive measures to control agricultural pollution, guide farmers to apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides scientifically, actively promote soil testing and formula fertilization, return straw to the field, and encourage the use of farm manure and new organic fertilizer. Encourage the use of biological pesticides or pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and promote the comprehensive control of crop diseases, pests and weeds and biological control. Encourage the recycling of agricultural film. Strengthen the comprehensive utilization of straw, develop biomass energy, promote straw gasification projects, biogas projects and straw power generation projects, and prohibit the burning of straw in the open air in the no burning area.
6. Improve the level of harmless, reduction and resource treatment of garbage. Based on the reduction work, accelerate the construction of waste treatment facilities focusing on sanitary landfill. Strengthen solid waste management, establish solid waste management center, and strive to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste.
In short, promoting harmony between man and nature is the only way for China to accelerate development and fully promote the construction of a harmonious society. It is not only a great cause related to future generations, but also a "systematic project" with rich connotation and wide coverage. Afforestation has been carried out in Korla in an all-round way, making nearly 10000 mu of barren mountains around our city become summer resorts with green trees, attracting tourists from all directions. At the same time, it has purified the air, fixed the yellow sand, beautified the environment, and made our city rated as a national hygienic and beautifying city. There are many such examples in our real life, and certain results have been achieved through everyone's efforts.