The extensive use of chemical substances has greatly improved the quality of life of modern people and accelerated the process of social development. However, due to its own characteristics, the production of some chemicals is dangerous, and accidents caused by chemicals are common. So, what are the causes of hazardous chemical accidents? Now let me tell you the causes of dangerous chemical accidents!
Causes of hazardous chemical accidents
According to the current situation of the accident, the causes of the accident can be summarized as follows:
1. The safety investment of the enterprise is seriously insufficient. Due to the impact of the downturn of the chemical market in previous years, the economic benefits of chemical enterprises are poor, the funds are tight, and the safety investment is insufficient. The facilities and equipment that should be replaced and repaired are not replaced and repaired in time as required, resulting in the aging of chemical production units and operation with diseases. At the same time, due to the acceleration of urbanization, some enterprises that were originally located in the suburbs are now in the prosperous urban areas and communities. The surrounding safety protection interval does not meet the relevant national regulations, so it is very difficult to rectify and become a major hidden danger threatening people's lives and property and urban public safety. For example, Chongqing Tianyuan Chemical plant should be relocated earlier. Due to financial and other reasons, it has not been implemented, resulting in tragedy.
2. Production devices and equipment are aging and lack of intrinsic safety. The chemical production process is often accompanied by corrosive media. The long-term contact of production equipment and devices with corrosive media will lead to the aging of production equipment and equipment and the reduction of quality. In addition, it is difficult to achieve intrinsic safety if the maintenance and renewal are not implemented. For example, Chongqing Tianyuan Chemical Plant is an old enterprise established in 1940. The liquid chlorine condenser that directly caused the accident has been used for 11 years and is seriously aging, which is also one of the reasons for the accident.
3. The safety quality of employees is low. The quality of employees in enterprises is relatively low, especially in chemical enterprises. Due to the general depression of chemical enterprises in previous years, poor benefits and large brain drain, there is a lack of management staff and technical staff. At the same time, the training of safety knowledge and skills is not enough, and the minimum safety knowledge and awareness of operators are not available. For example, the explosion accident of an oil tanker under repair in Nanjing section of the Yangtze River was caused by illegal manipulation of welders. The explosion accident of Chongqing Tianyuan general chemical plant also exposed the problems of poor quality of workers and weak technical strength.
4. The safety production foundation of the enterprise is weak, and the safety management is somewhat relaxed. The poor safety foundation of enterprises is mainly reflected in the prevalence of potential accidents and illegal operations. Some effective safety management regulations and systems have been simplified, and national regulations cannot be strictly implemented. For the disposal of waste hazardous chemicals, the regulations on the safety management of hazardous chemicals clearly stipulates that if the production, storage and use units of hazardous chemicals change production, stop production or close down business, effective measures shall be taken to dispose of the production or storage equipment, inventory products and production raw materials of hazardous chemicals, and no potential accidents shall be left.
5. Driven by interests, ignoring safety production. China's chemical products market has been in a downturn for several years. Since the second half of 2002, China's national economy has developed rapidly and infrastructure has expanded, driving the strong demand for chemical products. Especially since 2004, the rising market price of chemicals has stimulated the production enthusiasm of chemical enterprises. Therefore, in order to pursue economic interests, some enterprises, regardless of problems such as equipment aging and defects in production equipment, drive full horsepower to produce chemical products. At the same time, they do not take effective safety measures, resulting in frequent and relatively concentrated accidents.
Fundamentally speaking, there are deeper reasons for these accidents. First, safety familiarity is not in place, safety awareness is not strong, the idea of "safety first" and the concept of "people-oriented" have not been really established, and enterprises attach importance to economic benefits and ignore safety production, resulting in the implementation of national laws, regulations and requirements on safety production; Second, the progress of special rectification of work safety is uneven, and there are still "dead corners". There are problems of lax requirements and low quality in the special safety rectification work. What should be done is not done, and what should be done is not done. There is also the phenomenon of replacing the whole with the stop, replacing the close with the stop, and the open stop and dark open; Third, it is difficult to ensure the effective implementation of laws and regulations.
Safety measures and Countermeasures for accidents of dangerous chemicals
A series of continuous leakage, fire and explosion accidents of hazardous chemicals have a great social impact. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to them. Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao and vice president Huang Ju all made important instructions, requiring that the concept of "people-oriented" should be adhered to in terms of production technology, equipment, measures and governance, and comprehensive governance and preventive measures should be taken to prevent similar accidents.
I think the following measures should be taken for the units engaged in hazardous chemicals:
1. Strengthen the special rectification of hazardous chemical safety. For those who do not meet the safety production conditions specified in relevant national laws, regulations and standards, and have potential accidents, including equipment aging, they shall be resolutely ordered to stop production for rectification; Those who still fail to meet the standards after rectification shall be closed according to law. At present, the international and domestic markets of chemicals are still booming. It is even more important to prevent a few enterprises from being driven by economic interests, ignoring safety production and taking risks and acting recklessly in violation of regulations.
2. Comprehensively and thoroughly investigate the surrounding protection interval of chemical enterprises. In strict accordance with the regulations on the safety management of hazardous chemicals, make the overall planning and layout of hazardous chemical production and storage enterprises, and strictly implement the examination and approval system. Chemical enterprises that have been built or newly built, reconstructed or expanded must strictly implement the provisions of the state on peripheral protection intervals, and those that do not meet the provisions of the State shall be ordered to rectify immediately; If the rectification fails to meet the standard, measures such as relocation, production change and closure shall be taken.
3. Strictly implement the market access system in accordance with the regulations on work safety license. No work safety license shall be issued to those who do not meet the conditions for work safety; Those who carry out production without obtaining a work safety license shall be punished in strict accordance with relevant regulations.
4. Strengthen the publicity, education and training of safety production. Take various ways and methods to widely publicize the national laws and regulations on safe production and hazardous chemicals, urge the main principals, safety management staff and employees of the enterprise to consciously participate in safe production training, enhance the awareness of laws and regulations and improve the safety quality. Make the enterprise "managed" and "managed" in terms of safety, and make the employees truly achieve "I want to be safe" and "I will be safe".
5. Increase investment in safety production and strengthen internal safety management of the enterprise. Enterprises should increase investment in safety production facilities, equipment and education and training to ensure normal and good operation of facilities and equipment and improve intrinsic safety. Improve the safety production conditions through the improvement of internal rules and regulations and strengthening safety management.
6. Strengthen the monitoring of major hazard sources and prepare emergency rescue plan. Urge chemical enterprises to identify and determine major hazard sources of the enterprise as soon as possible, take effective monitoring measures, and speed up the formulation of emergency rescue plans for chemical accidents. At the same time, organize inspections and drills, constantly improve and progress, and ensure that the chemical accident emergency rescue plan is truly effective.
7. Investigate the responsibility of the accident according to the principle of "four don't let go". That is, if the cause of the accident is not found out, the relevant responsible personnel are not severely dealt with, the majority of employees are not educated, and the safety precautions are not implemented, the responsibility investigation of the accident enterprise shall be strengthened, and if it constitutes a crime, its criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.
8. Further strengthen the monitoring role of public opinion and news media. The implementation of the safety production responsibility system, the general progress of the safety awareness of the whole society, and the obvious reduction of the phenomenon of concealment and omission of casualty accidents are inseparable from the monitoring role of social public opinion and news media. Therefore, we should further give full play to the special monitoring role of social public opinion and news media; Promote work safety.
In short, we should correctly handle the relationship between safety production and economic development, timely solve the existing problems and eliminate potential accidents through comprehensive treatment measures, curb the frequent and rising trend of dangerous chemical accidents, and promote the stable improvement of safety production.