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In the process of using the computer, it is inevitable to deal with all kinds of passwords. The following nine passwords may be the most used by everyone: BIOS password, installation password, user password, power management password, Screensaver password, startup password, Internet password, hierarchical review password and sharing password. Today, let's talk about these passwords that are closely related to us. This article explains the first five passwords of the nine common passwords.
1、 BIOS password
BIOS (basic input / output system) is the basic input / output system. It is actually a set of programs solidified into the ROM chip on the computer motherboard to provide the lowest and most direct hardware control for the computer. Different from other programs, BIOS is stored in the BIOS chip rather than in the disk. Because it is part of the motherboard, people sometimes call it "firmware", which is different from both software and hardware. It is mainly used to store self diagnostic test program (post program), system bootstrap loader, system setup program, I / O driver and interrupt service program of main I / O devices.
If you don't want others to use your computer, you can set the password function of BIOS to add a "lock" to the computer. What should I do if I forget the BIOS password? Don't worry. The following tips can help you.
According to different user settings, the startup password is generally divided into two different situations. One is the setup password (in this way, the system can be started directly, and the password is only required when entering BIOS settings); The other is the system password (when this method is adopted, the password is required for both direct startup and BIOS setting, and nothing will be achieved without the password). For the two passwords set by users, our cancellation methods are different:
（1） Release setup password
If the computer can boot normally, but cannot enter BIOS settings (i.e. setup password is set), we have the following methods for you to choose from:
Method 1: dubug method
After forgetting the password, just start debug in DOS state, and then enter the following command to manually clear the password:
_ o 70 16
_ o 71 16
_ q
In addition, users who are not familiar with debug can also download a tool software cmospwd for releasing CMOS passwords. Then start the program in DOS, and it will display the user's CMOS password (cmospwd supports Acer, AMI, award, Compaq, Dell, IBM, Packard bell, Phoenix, zenith AMI and other BIOS), which is very convenient to use.
Method 2: software release
Now there are many software to detect system or boot password, the most common are biospwds, cmospwd, etc. Among them, biospwds is an excellent one. It can detect the BIOS version, BIOS update date, administrator password, CMOS password, password type, etc., and the use method is simple. Click the "get password" button in the window to display all the information detected by biospwds.
However, when the software releases the password, it decodes the password encoded by BIOS in reverse, so sometimes it may be found that the password of the program is different from the real password, which is also a normal phenomenon, so this move sometimes doesn't work.
Method 3: prepare documents by yourself
Enter the MS-DOS environment, enter edit under the DOS prompt and press enter (if you find an error by pressing edit, that is, you don't have the file edit.com, please see the next method), enter:
ALT+179 ALT+55 ALT+136 ALT+216 ALT+230 ALT+112 ALT+176 ALT+32 ALT+230 ALT+113 ALT+254 ALT+195 ALT+128 ALT+251 ALT+64 ALT+117 ALT+241 ALT+195
Note: when inputting the above data, first press the ALT key, then press the number key in the numeric keyboard (pressing the number key in the row above the keyboard has no effect). After inputting a number, release the ALT key, and then press the ALT key. In the process of operation, a random character will appear on the screen. We don't care about it. Then select "save" under the "file" menu and save it as CMOS Com file, then exit to MS-DOS environment and find CMOS Com this file to see if it is 20 bytes. If not, it means you have entered it wrong and need to re-enter it. After confirmation, directly run CMOS COM, there should be no prompt on the screen, and then restart the computer to clear the password in CMOS. Of course, other settings in CMOS will be cleared at the same time, which requires us to reset.
Method 4: release under DOS
This method can be completed directly in MS-DOS environment. In MS-DOS environment, enter: copy con CMOS Press enter after com, continue to input the following ten characters: Alt + 176 Alt + 17 Alt + 230 P Alt + 176 Alt + 20 Alt + 230 Q Alt + 205 < space >, then press "F6", press enter again to save, and run CMOS Com file, restart it.
If we can't start the computer without a password (i.e. set the system password), we can't solve the problem of password forgetting through software. At this point, you can use the following methods:
First move: general password
Each motherboard manufacturer has a general password set by the motherboard to facilitate the provision of technical support. If we know the general password of the motherboard, whether it is on
Machine or CMOS setting can "go through the wall". Of course, don't use this to do bad things!
It should be noted that for some reasons, the general password of the motherboard will be different in different periods. Therefore, this move can not pass the world. We only have to try several times. Whether it is useful depends on luck!
General password of award BIOS: j256, lkwppeter, wantgirl, ebbb, syxz, ally, award? SW、AWARD_ SW、j262、HLT、SER、SKY_ FOX、BIOSTAR、ALFAROME、lkwpeter、589721、awkard、h996、CONCAT、589589。
AWI BIOS general password: AMI, BIOS, password, Hewitt Rand, AMI_ SW、LKWPETER、A.M.I。
Second move: CMOS discharge
At present, most motherboards use button batteries to power the BIOS, that is, if there is no power, the information in it will be lost. When it is powered on again, the BIOS will return to the original state that has not been set. Of course, there is no BIOS password.
First, we need to open the computer case and find the silver button battery on the motherboard. Carefully remove it, then unplug the power plug at the rear of the chassis, short-circuit the spring plate on the bottom of the battery with a metal sheet, and install the battery after about 30 seconds.
At this time, CMOS will lose the information stored internally due to power failure. OK! Install it back, close the chassis and turn it on, and the system will prompt "CMOS checksum error defaults loaded", that is to prompt you that "CMOS found an error during inspection and has loaded the default value of the system". The BIOS password is released successfully.
Third move: jumper short circuit
If the CMOS chip of the motherboard is integrated with the battery, or the battery is directly welded to the motherboard, or we use the second "CMOS discharge method" and it doesn't work, then we need to use the method of jumper short circuit.
After opening the chassis, there will be a jumper switch near the CMOS battery on the mainboard. The words reset CMOS, clear CMOS, CMOS close or CMOS ram reset will be marked next to the jumper. Short circuit it with the jumper cap and jump it back!
Because the jumper settings of each motherboard are different, it is best to consult the motherboard manual first when using this method. Forget to say one thing. When CMOS discharges or clears the data in CMOS, do not do it when the system is turned on. It is recommended to cut off the power supply of the computer.
2、 Windows installation password
First, let's talk about the installation password. The installation password, namely windows CDKEY, is necessary for installing windows. After entering, it will be recorded in the registry. Click "run" under the "start" menu and enter regedit to open the registry editor. You will find that the installation password of windows is in the following location of the registry: HKEY_ LOCAL_ MACHINE\Software\
Microsoft \ windows \ CurrentVersion \ productid and HKEY_ LOCAL_ Machine \ software \ Microsoft \ windows \ CurrentVersion \ productkey. If you forget the installation password of windows one day, just come here and have a look. In fact, the password is not important. It is only useful when reinstalling windows. It is automatically recorded here after installation. If you want to reinstall windows and don't have a password, you might as well come here and take a look and record it for later use.
3、 User password
As for the user password, many people have a misunderstanding that the user password is the boot password. In fact, Windows does not have a boot password by default. So what is the user password used for? It is used to protect "personality"! The purpose of the system is not to protect the privacy of multiple users. Instead, a set of configuration of system appearance is saved for each user to adapt to different usage habits of different users. Just like the popular "skin", it just needs to enter a password. So this password can't keep secret at all. It's just a decoration.
The user password can be set in the "password" or "user" tool of the control panel: in the control panel, double-click the "user" icon and click the "new" button to open the "add user" window. Click the "next" button to enter the newly added user name, and then click the "next" button to enter the new user password in the window, and then click the "next" button, The "personalization" window will appear, select the item you need (it's ok if you don't select it), and then click the "next" button again to add a new user to this machine. Use the same method to create a user name for each user who can use this machine, and then you can enter the password. Of course, you can also leave it until the user logs in and changes the password himself.
People who know a little about windows know that this password system has no security in Windows 9x system. It starts when the user logs in or changes the power on. After entering the correct password, you can use the system. However, even if you don't know the password, you can use ESC to skip the login program and directly enter the system. At this time, we can change the registry to force users to enter user name and password before entering windows. Implementation method: click "run" in the "start" menu, enter regedit, open the registry editor, and open HKEY in turn_ LOCAL_ Machine \ network \ logon, then create a new DWORD value, name it "mustbevalidated", and change the value to 1.
Different from Windows 9x, Windows 2000 has made great improvements in this aspect. If the system is set to: the user must enter the user name and password to use the machine, then he cannot enter the system without entering the correct user name and password; At the same time, users are divided into managers, users and guests, each with different permissions. This provides a means for standardizing the management of computer users.
In addition, users familiar with Windows 9x system know that the user password information is stored in the file with the extension ". PWL" in the windows directory. Here is a simple and effective protection method: click "start" → "run", enter sysedit command, and open "system configuration utility". Check about file system INI file. At this time, you will find an item titled [password lists] in its list item, which is the link record of user password file, where SSJ = C: \ windows \ SSJ PWL (the "SSJ" before the equal sign is the user name, and the equal sign is the storage path and file name of the user's password file). Knowing this, we can modify it to specify any file. For example, you can save the source file SSJ PWL is renamed and copied to another directory. For example, in DOS mode, execute the command: copy C: \ windows \ SSJ PWL C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\S1. DAT。 Then set the system Change the password stored in the file to: \ system. Ini \ windows = S1 DAT。 In this way, no one can easily find your password file.
What happens if you forget your Windows user password? Rest assured that this will not affect the startup of the system, but it will prevent users from entering their personal settings. Therefore, it is necessary to release the Windows startup password to recover the lost "personality". To do this, we can delete *. In the windows installation directory PWL password file and all personal information files in the profiles subdirectory, and then restart windows, the system will pop up a password setting box without any user name. We don't need to enter anything, just click the "OK" button, and the windows password will be deleted. In addition, the registry will be HKEY_ LOCAL_ The same purpose can be achieved by changing the userprofiles under the machine \ network \ logon branch to "0", and then restarting windows.
4、 Power management password
The power management function of windows can also set the password. After setting this function, the system will ask for the password when returning from the energy-saving state. After that, the user who does not know the password will have no law to return the computer from the "suspended" state to the normal state, which further ensures the security of computer data.
The steps to set the password for the power management function in Windows 98 are as follows:
1. Click
"Start" button, and then select "Settings" → "control panel" to start the control panel of Windows 98.
2. Double click the power management icon in the control panel to open the power management properties setting box.
3. Select the Advanced tab from the power management properties settings box.
4. Tick "√" before the option "prompt for password when the computer exits standby mode".
5. Select the power scheme tab in the power management properties settings box.
6. In the "system waiting state" list box, select the time interval for the computer to automatically start the power management function (i.e. enter the "suspended" state) after no operation. There are mainly different options from "after 1 minute" to "never". Users can choose by themselves.
7. Set the appropriate time interval for "turn off the monitor" and "turn off the hard disk".
8. Click OK to close the power management properties setting box.
In this way, we started the power management function of Windows 98 and set the appropriate password for it. It is worth noting that the password of Windows 98 power management function is based on the user password of Windows 98 itself, that is, we must first set the user password for Windows 98, and then we can use its power management password function, otherwise it will be invalid. In addition, the power management function of Windows 98 does not have a separate password. Its password is exactly the same as the user password of Windows 98, which saves the inconvenience of users remembering multiple passwords at the same time. But from another perspective, the password of the power management function is exactly the same as the user password, which will be very unsafe. As long as we remove the user password of windows according to the previous method, the power management password will be broken.
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5、 Screensaver password
Next, let's talk about the screensaver password. Its function is mainly when you leave the computer temporarily and don't want to turn it off, and you're afraid that someone will take the opportunity to see what you're doing in your computer or tamper with your machine. At this time, the screensaver password can play a certain protective role, and its reputation is a little better than the user password. If the password is wrong, it is difficult to pass.
Let's see how to set the screensaver password first. First, in the blank space of the desktop
Right click the mouse and select the "properties" command from the shortcut menu to open the "display properties" dialog box, which has six label items of "background", "Screen Saver", "appearance", "effect", "Web" and "setting". Click the "screen saver tab" to open the "display properties". There are various screen savers attached to windows in the "Screen Saver" drop-down list box of this window. When we select a screen saver, click "Preview" to display the effect of the screen saver. Click "Preview" to display the full screen (click the mouse to restore). The "setting" button can set the display effect of the screen saver. In the "wait" fine adjustment box, you can enter or adjust the time to start the screen saver. What's more attractive is that the screen saver also has a certain confidentiality function! If you want others to be unable to use the computer when you leave, the easiest way is to enable the password function of the screen saver, check the "password protection" box, click the "change" button, a "change password" dialog box will appear, and then enter the password twice and confirm it.
What if you accidentally forget the password of the screen saver? Direct shutdown? That's barbaric; Moreover, if your work is not saved, all your previous efforts will be wasted! Now, as long as you know the IP address of your machine, use the following method to solve your problem!
In fact, the method is very simple. First, use another machine as the decoder in the LAN where your machine is located, change the IP address of the decoder to your IP address, and make use of the principle of higher priority of hardware conflict_ Blank > the operating system skipped the screen saver.
The specific implementation method is as follows:
Find the item "Settings" in the "Start Menu" on this decoder, click "control panel" to enter the "control panel", double-click the icon of "network" to enter the "network" dialog box.
Select the "configuration" tab, then double-click "TCP / IP", enter the "TCP / IP properties" dialog box, select the "IP address" tab, change the IP address of the decoder to your IP address, and click "OK" after completion
You will be prompted to restart your computer for the new settings to take effect. Confirm and restart your computer.
In this way, the IP addresses of two machines in the LAN are the same. When the decoder is started, the prompt box of "hardware conflict caused by IP address" will pop up on your machine and the decoder at the same time. At this time, just click OK on your machine and guess what will happen? Yes, the system does not require you to enter the password of the screen saver_ Blank > the desktop of the operating system!
Now you don't have to worry about forgetting your password, do you? However, it is worth noting that in the whole process of lifting, make sure that there is no dialog box requesting the password of the screen saver on your machine. Otherwise, after determining the hardware conflict, the system will continue to ask you to enter the password of the screen saver.
The screen saver password of the system is very fragile. After forgetting the password, we just need to use the "reset" key to forcibly start the computer (some screen savers with imperfect design can even be forcibly closed with Ctrl + Alt + Del, which is easier), then right-click the blank space of the desktop and execute the "properties" command from the pop-up shortcut menu, open the "display properties" setting box and click the "Screen Saver" tab, Finally, cancel the "password protection" option (you do not need to confirm the password when canceling this option).
Here's a simpler way. As we all know, the screen saver password is up to 16 characters. Microsoft has built-in 16 byte key: 48 EE 76 1D 67 69 A1 1b 7a 8C 47 F8 54 95 97 5F. Windows uses the above key to encrypt the password you entered. The encryption process is as follows: first, convert the password character you enter bit by bit into its hexadecimal ASC II code value (lower case letters are first converted into upper case letters), and then perform XOR operation with the corresponding key bit by bit in turn. Take each bit of the obtained hexadecimal value as a character, convert it into its hexadecimal ASCII code, add 00 at the end of it as the end flag, and store it in the registry HKEY_ CURRENT_ Binary key Screensave under user \ control panel \ desktop_ Data. So put HKEY in the registry_ CURRENT_ USERS\ControlPanel\Desktop\ScreenSave_ Delete the ciphertext of the windows screensaver password under the data primary key!
In addition, there is also a special CD-ROM on the market to release the screen saver password. After inserting the CD, it will use the automatic operation function of Windows 98 to start the screen saver password release program saved on the CD, analyze and decipher the password of the screen saver function, and finally display the password on the screen or write it to the floppy disk, which is more convenient.
There is another worry about the screen saver password - some friends always like to tamper with the computer and often set the password for the screen saver. If it's in their own home, it's just. If it's in the school computer room or in the street Internet cafe, it's a little troublesome. Don't worry if you have this screensaver password. We can shield the function of the screensaver password so that it can't set the password. In this way, we can solve these troubles. The specific operation methods are as follows: click the "start" → "run" menu, enter regedit in the open "run" dialog box, and press enter to open the registry editor and find HKEY_ CURRENT_ User \ controlpanel \ desktop \ screensaveusepassword (if there is no "screensaveusepassword", create this DWORD value by right clicking "desktop", selecting "new" → "DWORD value" in the pop-up menu and naming it "screensaveusepassword"). This key determines whether the screen saver uses a password. The key value is 0 or 1. When it is "0", it means that no password is set, If it is "1", it means to use the preset password. By changing this value to "0", we can prohibit screen savers from using passwords.