Every year, the water and soil loss of the Yellow River is very serious, and the water and soil loss of the Yellow River has become a problem that must be paid attention to. Today, I will share with you the causes of soil erosion in the Yellow River for your reference only!
1. The Loess Plateau is located in the second step of China and the transition zone from the second step to the third step
2. The Loess Plateau is also a marginal area affected by the southeast monsoon and southwest monsoon in China, so that the precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest or from southwest to northeast The north and south of the Loess Plateau span three temperature zones: subtropical zone, warm temperate zone and temperate zone; The regional difference and transition of climate are very significant This area is located at the end of the monsoon, with a large range of drought and semi-arid, unstable precipitation, frequent drought and sandstorm, and low and unstable agricultural production capacity of natural grassland and dry farming The combination of climate drought, unstable precipitation and unstable loess and aeolian sand materials makes the ecological environment in this area very fragile
3. From the perspective of land use form, this area is a staggered area of agricultural farming area and animal husbandry area Land use is affected by the fluctuation of precipitation and the alternating control of farming and nomadic nationalities in history. In the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry, it shows the change of farming and animal husbandry, which leads to the intensification of land degradation
1. Insist on taking small watershed as a unit, taking county as the basic unit, taking the construction of basic farmland such as horizontal terrace and ditch dam land as a breakthrough, and comprehensively use engineering measures, biological measures and farming measures to control soil erosion
2. On the basis of returning farmland to forest and grassland, we should focus on the construction of regional ecological agriculture. The construction of ecological agriculture must focus on the construction of forest and grassland, grasp the key of water storage and water saving, and take the road of comprehensive treatment First, suit measures to local conditions and pay close attention to afforestation and grass planting In light of the actual situation, we should make the best use of forests and grass. In particular, we should guide the masses to develop marketable economic forests and fruits, so that the masses can get tangible benefits Second, implement the rainwater collection project Take various forms to store precipitation, develop water-saving agriculture such as pit irrigation, solve the problems of rural drinking water and replenishment of basic farmland, and improve the utilization rate of water resources Third, rationally allocate resources, adjust the agricultural structure, rely on scientific and technological progress and do a good job in industrial development Promote the formation of a number of leading enterprises and pillar industries and drive regional economic development We should change the farming methods of deforestation and land reclamation, extensive planting and low yield, change the short-term behavior of sacrificing the ecological environment for immediate economic benefits, speed up the process of vegetation restoration, and make the ecological environment turn benign as soon as possible
3. Adhere to the combination of governance and development, highlight economic benefits and take the road of high quality and efficiency We will vigorously develop rainwater harvesting and water-saving irrigation, popularize dry farming techniques, increase the output of agricultural products, actively develop the processing of agricultural and sideline products, and help farmers get rid of poverty and become rich and well-off
4. Adhere to the close combination of treatment and development with prevention and protection, stop the trend of destroying forest and grass vegetation, protect water and soil and forest and grass resources according to law, and manage and manage the completed rotten sand and water control projects well, so as to effectively curb the deterioration trend of ecological environment
Finally, we should promote the construction of ecological environment as a whole from reducing the pressure of river water In accordance with the laws of natural ecology and economy, comprehensively promote the comprehensive management with small watersheds as units, and improve the scale, quality and efficiency of management We will implement unified planning for mountains, rivers, forests, fields and roads, make overall arrangements for engineering, biological and farming measures, and focus on continuous management to give full play to the overall function and comprehensive benefits Gradually realize no turbulent flow of water and no mud out of the ditch, and significantly reduce the sediment content of rivers in the province in a short period of time Benefit local people and downstream people
First, we should resolutely investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations in the reserve. Activities explicitly prohibited by the regulations on nature reserves such as mining and sand excavation in nature reserves and illegal resource development activities in the core area and buffer zone of nature reserves should be resolutely banned; For construction projects within and involving nature reserves that have not implemented the environmental impact assessment system, they shall be ordered to stop construction according to law.
Second, remedial measures must be taken to deal with the ecological damage caused in the nature reserve within a time limit and restore the original ecological environment. For those who illegally carry out resource development and construction in the nature reserve and cause damage to the ecological environment of the nature reserve, they shall be ordered to immediately correct their illegal acts, formulate ecological restoration and treatment plans, and restore to the original state within a time limit or take other remedial measures.
Third, we should seriously investigate and deal with cases of violations of law and discipline and strengthen accountability. For environmental violations that seriously violate the regulations on nature reserves and relevant laws and regulations, carry out illegal development and construction in nature reserves and cause serious damage to nature reserves, in accordance with the requirements of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Ministry of supervision to increase the accountability for environmental violations, environmental protection departments at all levels will coordinate with supervision departments to investigate relevant local governments, administrative departments of nature reserves The administrative responsibilities of the management organization of the nature reserve and the relevant responsible persons. To achieve the goal of ensuring the drinking water safety of the Yellow River, only comprehensive measures can be taken. First of all, we should improve the water laws, regulations and standard system of China and the Yellow River. Secondly, we should build a resource-saving and environmental protection society. Third, we should earnestly strengthen water pollution control and environmental protection supervision. The fourth is to form a working cooperation mechanism of "unity and pollution control" of water conservancy and environmental protection departments. Sixth, we should rebuild the ecological balance of the Yellow River. To protect the mother river, we must improve the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin. Speed up the construction of water conservancy projects in the middle and lower reaches, and further improve the water and sediment regulation capacity of the Yellow River. First, we should continue to do a good job in routine water quality monitoring and provincial boundary water monitoring. Second, enhance the awareness of dealing with sudden water pollution incidents and improve the ability to deal with sudden water pollution incidents. Third, actively carry out the supervision and monitoring of the water quality of the main stream of the Yellow River, Kuye River, Huangfuchuan sewage outlets and regional intake and return water. Fourth, strictly implement the quality manual, procedure documents and operation instructions to ensure the normal operation of the quality assurance system and prevent quality accidents. Do a good job in the preliminary work of toxic organic matter monitoring. Fifthly, the Hydrometric Station undertaking the task of water quality sampling shall strictly follow the requirements of relevant regulations for sampling, storage and delivery. Flexibility is not allowed. Violations are prohibited to ensure the authenticity and integrity of water samples. All relevant units shall take the initiative to undertake their management responsibilities. Third, we should earnestly strengthen water pollution control and environmental protection supervision. The fourth is to form a working cooperation mechanism of "unity and pollution control" of water conservancy and environmental protection departments. Fifth, we should build a perfect water function zone management system. Sixth, we should rebuild the ecological balance and flood control of the Yellow River: we plan to build a number of water conservancy and hydropower projects in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, and form a water and sediment regulation project system of the Yellow river dominated by seven key water conservancy projects in Longyang Gorge, Liujia gorge, Daliushu, Qikou, Guxian, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi; In the lower reaches, the lower drainage works focusing on embankment, river regulation and estuarine regulation works and supporting flood diversion and detention works will be completed, combined with river excavation and silting back and dike consolidation, so as to build a relatively underground river; Standard River defense works shall be constructed in the main stream Ningmeng river section, the Xiaobei main stream section from Yumenkou to Tongguan and the lower reaches of Weihe River; Accelerate the governance of Sanmenxia reservoir area. At the same time, further improve non engineering measures such as hydrological measurement and reporting, flood regulation, transportation and communication. Combined with the water and soil conservation measures in the upper and middle reaches, a complete flood control and sediment reduction system of the Yellow River will be formed.
Water resources: focusing on the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Areas in the upper reaches of Ningmeng plain, the middle reaches of Fenwei River Basin and the lower reaches of Yulu plain, we will comprehensively implement water-saving measures in agriculture, industry and cities. Implement planned water use, reasonably adjust industrial layout, and strengthen water demand management. Make full use of the backbone works of the main stream to regulate the runoff and realize the joint utilization of surface water and groundwater. We will actively do a good job in the preliminary work of the key projects to be built in the main stream of the Yellow River. We will strengthen the unified management and protection of water resources, build a unified monitoring network for water volume and quality at the main sections (including provincial boundary sections), water intakes, water outlets, sewage outlets and tributaries of the Yellow River, and establish a new system for unified management and dispatching of water resources. We will make the protection of water resources in the Yellow River a national priority and strengthen
We will strengthen protection and implement the permit system for sewage discharge into the river and the total amount control of pollutants into the river. Gradually form a system of rational development, scientific allocation, effective utilization and management and protection of water resources in the Yellow River.
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