With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. What are the reasons for this? The following is my introduction to the causes of environmental pollution. I hope I can help you.
The main causes of environmental pollution are as follows:
(1) waste smoke, waste gas, waste water, waste residue and noise discharged from the factory;
(2) waste smoke, waste gas, noise, dirty water and garbage discharged from people's life;
(3) exhaust gas and noise from vehicles (all fuel vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.);
(4) water flowing out of farmland irrigated with chemical substances such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides;
(5) mine wastewater and waste residue;
(6) machine noise, electromagnetic radiation and carbon dioxide pollution;
The main pollutants in the air are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate pollutants and acid rain.
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide is mainly produced by the combustion of sulfur-containing substances such as coal and fuel oil, followed by nature, such as volcanic eruption and forest fire. Sulfur dioxide has strong irritation to human conjunctiva and upper respiratory mucosa, can damage the respirator tube, and can cause bronchitis, pneumonia, even pulmonary edema and respiratory paralysis. The mortality of elderly or chronic patients exposed to sulfur dioxide concentration of 0.5 mg / m3 in a short time increases, and the concentration higher than 0.25 mg / m3 can worsen the condition of patients with respiratory diseases. Respiratory diseases increased in people with long-term exposure to 0.1 mg / m3 air. In addition, it is easy to cause discoloration of building materials, such as sulfur dioxide and cotton textile, and it is easy to cause corrosion of building materials, such as paper and cotton. It can also make plant leaves turn yellow or even die. According to the national environmental quality standards, the daily average concentration in residential areas is less than 0.15 mg / m3 and the annual average concentration is less than 0.06 mg / m3.
Nitrogen oxide
Oxides containing nitrogen in the air include nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (no), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen trioxide (N2O3), etc., of which nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are the main components, represented by NOx (nitrogen oxide). NOx pollution mainly comes from the products of the combustion of coal, petroleum and other fuels used in production and life (including NOx emitted by the combustion of automobiles and all internal combustion engines); The second is the tail gas from factories that produce or use nitric acid. When NOx and carbon hydride coexist in the air, photochemical reaction will occur after being irradiated by sunlight and ultraviolet rays, producing a photochemical smoke, which is a toxic secondary pollutant. No2 is 4 times more toxic than no, which can cause lung damage and even pulmonary edema. Chronic poisoning can cause trachea and lung diseases. Inhalation of no can cause the formation of denatured hemoglobin and affect the central nervous system. The influence concentration of NOx on animals is about 1.0 mg / m3, and the influence concentration on patients is about 0.2 mg / m3. According to the national environmental quality standards, the average concentration in residential areas is less than 0.10 mg / m3 and the annual average concentration is less than 0.05 mg / m3.
Particulate pollutants
The quantity of particulate pollutants in the air is large and the composition is complex. It itself can be the carrier of toxic substances or other pollutants. It mainly comes from soot discharged from incomplete combustion of coal and other fuels, dust generated in industrial production, construction and traffic dust, wind dust, etc., as well as salt particles formed by physical and chemical reaction of gaseous pollutants. In air pollution monitoring, the monitoring items of particulate pollutants mainly include total suspended particulate matter, natural falling dust and floating dust.
1. The plant's sewage, waste gas, waste smoke, waste residue and other toxic gases are filtered and discharged
2. Try not to use private cars when going out to reduce environmental pollution caused by vehicle exhaust emissions
3. Do not use disposable tableware and save paper
4. Plant more flowers and trees, and do not cut down indiscriminately
Editor's summary: the above is the relevant introduction that the causes and treatment methods of environmental pollution have attracted more and more social attention. At present, China's economy is still dominated by heavy industries such as iron and steel and electric power. With the rapid development of iron and steel industry, pollutants such as smoke and dust, SO2, NOx, CO2, Co, dioxin, fluoride, chloride and heavy metals in sintering (pelletizing) production in recent years will continue to pollute the atmospheric environment, It will even aggravate the pollution degree of the atmospheric environment, and it is very difficult to greatly improve the implementation and investment of air pollution control. Therefore, the development trend of atmospheric environmental quality in China is not optimistic. According to China's experience in environmental protection for many years, before the pollution of industrial pollution sources or fixed sources is fundamentally controlled, China's air pollution control must also focus on command control and laws and regulations; With the establishment, development and improvement of China's market economy, environmental economic means is undoubtedly the development direction of China's environmental policy.
1. Acute harm: the concentration of pollutants is very high in a short time, or several pollutants enter the human body together, which can cause acute harm to the human body.
2. Chronic hazards: chronic hazards mainly refer to the hazards caused by the continuous action of small doses of pollutants on the human body. Such as air pollution on the respiratory tract chronic inflammation incidence rate and so on.
3. Long term harm: the harm of environmental pollution to human body is generally manifested after a long incubation period, such as the carcinogenic effect of environmental factors. The main carcinogenic factors in the environment are physical, chemical and biological factors. Physical factors, such as leukemia and lung cancer caused by external radiation or inhalation of radioactive substances, and biological factors, such as tropical malignant lymphoma, have been proved to be caused by a virus transmitted by blood sucking insects. Chemical factors, according to animal experiments, there are more than 1100 kinds of carcinogenic chemicals. In addition, pollutants have a great impact on genetics. All organisms have the characteristics of genetic variation. The harm of environmental pollution to human genetics is mainly manifested in mutagenicity and teratogenicity.