With the continuous spread of land pollution, the ocean has gradually become a hotbed of pollution. What are the causes of marine pollution? The following is my introduction to the pollution factors of marine pollution. I hope it can help you.
Land source pollution
A large number of untreated urban sewage and industrial wastewater are directly or indirectly discharged into the sea. Land-based pollutants have the widest variety and quantity, and have the greatest impact on the marine environment. The impact of land-based pollutants on closed and semi closed sea areas is particularly serious. Land-based pollutants can enter the sea through direct sewage pipelines or ditches, rivers and other channels of coastal enterprises and institutions. The application of chemical pesticides in coastal farmland and the dumping and stacking of garbage and waste on the beach can also cause pollution damage to the environment.
Ship pollution
Ships on board discharge oil or other harmful substances into the sea for various reasons. Ship pollution mainly refers to the pollution caused by ships to the surrounding water environment and atmospheric environment during navigation, berthing in ports and loading and unloading goods. The main pollutants include oily sewage, domestic sewage and ship garbage. In addition, it will also produce dust, chemicals and waste gas, but generally speaking, it has little impact on the environment.
Maritime accident
Ship grounding, reef striking, collision, oil blowout and oil pipeline leakage, etc.
Ocean dumping
Dumping waste into the sea to reduce land environmental pollution. The act of disposing wastes or other harmful substances to the sea through ships, aircraft, platforms or other means of transport. It also includes the abandonment of ships, aircraft, platforms and other floating tools. This is one of the ways for human beings to use the marine environment to dispose of waste.
Coastal engineering construction
Some coastal engineering construction has changed the natural properties of the coast, beach, subtidal zone and its subsoil, and damaged the marine ecological balance and coastal landscape.
Marine pollution is caused by many factors. It is a long-term accumulation and a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. Therefore, only single treatment can not really solve the problem of marine pollution. As we all know, since 1979, China has successively formulated and promulgated the environmental protection law of the people's Republic of China, the marine environmental protection law, the water pollution prevention law, the regulations on the prevention and control of ship pollution in sea areas, the regulations on the management of marine dumping, the regulations on the protection of port water areas and other laws and regulations specifically related to environmental protection and the prevention of marine pollution and water pollution. The law of the people's Republic of China on township enterprises, adopted at the 22nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on October 29, 1996, clearly stipulates the registration, production projects and anti pollution facilities of township enterprises in order to prevent pollution during the production and operation of township enterprises, "Township enterprises must abide by relevant environmental laws and regulations, take measures in accordance with national industrial policies and under the unified guidance of the local people's government, actively develop enterprises with no pollution, less pollution and low resource consumption, effectively prevent and control environmental and ecological damage, and protect and improve the environment."
"Local people's governments should formulate and implement environmental protection plans for township enterprises and improve the ability of township enterprises to prevent and control pollution."
"When township enterprises build projects that have an impact on the environment, they must strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system." "The facilities for prevention and control of pollution in the construction projects of township enterprises must be designed, constructed and put into operation at the same time as the main works. The construction projects can be put into production or use only after the facilities for prevention and control of pollution have been checked and accepted by the competent administrative department of environmental protection."
"Township enterprises shall not adopt or use production processes and equipment that seriously pollute the environment, which are explicitly prohibited by the state; they shall not produce and operate products that seriously pollute the environment, which are prohibited by the state; if the discharge of pollutants exceeds the national or local standards and seriously pollutes the environment, they must treat them within a time limit. If they fail to complete the treatment task within the time limit, they shall close down, stop production or change production according to law."
With the gradual deterioration of the environment, various disasters approach public life in different forms, which has aroused great concern of the public and the government. In order to curb the continued deterioration of the environment, the government has formulated strict laws and regulations. Various activities with the theme of environmental protection organized by the public themselves have also set off a climax.
From the current marine pollution phenomenon in China, the main pollution is not caused by the common people. The reason is that most of the industrial and agricultural pollution and the destruction of the ecological environment are caused by managers at different levels for various reasons. For ordinary people, to measure whether a city's environment is good or bad, they often only pay attention to the surface sanitation of the city, whether the streets are clean and whether the market is prosperous. Generally, they don't study the city with good surface environment, whether its sewage treatment meets national standards and whether it pollutes the surrounding environment. Take Dalian as an example. People who have been to Dalian will say that the environment in Dalian is good, but who will study whether it pollutes the surrounding environment. When you analyze the environmental statistics of Dalian, you can see the source of marine pollution. There are 66 sewage outlets around the Bohai Sea in Dalian, accounting for 30.4% of the main sewage outlets in China. This is only the data statistics of a city in Dalian, and there are three provinces and one city in the Bohai rim area. Most of the urban sewage is directly discharged into the ocean or into the rivers connected with the sea. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that the pollution of China's inland sea Bohai Sea mainly comes from the land. Whether it is the pollution of ships to the sea or the pollution of land to the sea. The result is an impact on human beings, marine organisms, marine plants and even the whole ecological environment. Therefore, I think:
(1) strengthen law enforcement, truly "enforce the law strictly and punish violations", strengthen the law enforcement supervision of government environmental protection functional departments, overcome local protectionism, and require local governments at all levels to put environmental protection work on the daily agenda.
(2) strengthen the anti pollution management of ships and drilling and oil production platforms. First, the managers of the owners of ships and drilling and oil production platforms must carry out anti pollution education, enhance anti pollution awareness and improve decontamination and disaster relief skills. The operator must comply with national laws and regulations. Keep the sewage treatment equipment in good working condition, strictly control the quality of decontamination chemical reagents, and it is strictly prohibited to use toxic chemical reagents for decontamination.
(3) local fishery administration departments and port supervision and anti pollution departments must understand the pollution status, pollution sources, geographical environment, hydrological status and biological resources of the waters under their jurisdiction, make anti pollution plans according to the understanding, and act as a good consultant of the government. Once a pollution accident occurs, they can formulate the best disaster reduction plan as soon as possible according to the understanding.
Land pollution: garbage cleaning has become an important problem in major cities. Many of the tens of millions of tons of garbage every day cannot be incinerated or decomposed, such as plastic, rubber, glass, aluminum and other wastes, which have become the No. 1 enemy of urban sanitation.
Air pollution: This is the most direct and serious. It mainly comes from carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide released by factories, cars and power plants. People get respiratory or visual organ problems due to exposure to these dirty air every day. If we still ignore the warnings of experts, we will certainly fall to the point where there is no half inch of pure land to live in in the future.
With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, environmental pollution is also increasing, especially in developing countries. Environmental pollution has increasingly become one of the common topics of all countries in the world.